Table 2.
Baseline characteristics by caffeinated tea consumption among older women, Women’s Health Initiative (N=27205)
| Caffeinated tea consumption | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n=19886) |
1 cup/day (n=3620) |
2-3 cups/day (n=3044) |
≥4 cups/day (n=655) |
P-value | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 72.3 (3.1) | 72.5 (3.0) | 72.5 (3.1) | 72.2 (2.9) | 0.003 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 17359 (87.6) | 3200 (88.7) | 2664 (87.9) | 595 (91.0) | <0.001 |
| Black | 1323 (6.7) | 161 (4.5) | 106 (3.5) | 13 (2.0) | |
| Hispanic | 392 (2.0) | 68 (1.9) | 42 (1.4) | 8 (1.2) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 445 (2.3) | 133 (3.7) | 162 (5.3) | 26 (4.0) | |
| Other | 291 (1.5) | 45 (1.3) | 57 (1.9) | 12 (1.8) | |
| Educational level | |||||
| Less than high school | 1300 (6.6) | 248 (6.9) | 211 (7.0) | 36 (5.6) | 0.67 |
| High school | 3491 (17.7) | 679 (18.9) | 525 (17.4) | 121 (18.7) | |
| Some college | 7588 (38.4) | 1356 (37.7) | 1173 (38.8) | 244 (37.7) | |
| College graduate | 7370 (37.3) | 1314 (36.5) | 1112 (36.8) | 247 (38.1) | |
| Income | |||||
| <$20,000 | 4409 (24.3) | 803 (24.1) | 692 (25.0) | 162 (27.1) | 0.31 |
| $20,000-<$50,000 | 9176 (50.6) | 1706 (51.3) | 1381 (49.9) | 273 (45.7) | |
| ≥$50,000 | 4553 (25.1) | 820 (24.6) | 697 (25.2) | 163 (27.3) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married/living as married | 10089 (51.0) | 1885 (52.2) | 1657 (54.7) | 341 (52.4) | <0.001 |
| Widowed | 6449 (32.6) | 1223 (33.9) | 939 (31.0) | 213 (32.7) | |
| Divorced/separated | 2340 (11.8) | 356 (9.9) | 298 (9.8) | 66 (10.1) | |
| Never married | 907 (4.6) | 145 (4.0) | 134 (4.4) | 31 (4.8) | |
| Currently employed | 2023 (10.5) | 362 (10.3) | 292 (9.9) | 74 (11.8) | 0.53 |
| Smoking history | |||||
| Never smoked | 10370 (53.1) | 2060 (58.2) | 1682 (56.4) | 346 (53.6) | <0.001 |
| Past smoker | 8240 (42.2) | 1365 (38.6) | 1195 (40.1) | 255 (39.5) | |
| Current smoker | 925 (4.7) | 116 (3.3) | 106 (3.6) | 44 (6.8) | |
| Pack-years of smoking, mean (SD) | 11.0 (20.7) | 8.8 (18.6) | 9.3 (19.2) | 11.2 (21.5) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake | |||||
| Nondrinker | 2664 (13.5) | 422 (11.7) | 436 (14.5) | 92 (14.2) | 0.006 |
| Past drinker | 4075 (20.7) | 700 (19.5) | 583 (19.4) | 128 (19.8) | |
| Current drinker | 12992 (65.9) | 2473 (68.8) | 1994 (66.2) | 426 (65.9) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||||
| Normal weight | 7906 (40.8) | 1549 (44.0) | 1219 (41.1) | 266 (41.5) | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 6979 (36.1) | 1291 (36.7) | 1139 (38.4) | 252 (39.3) | |
| Obese | 4474 (23.1) | 680 (19.3) | 607 (20.5) | 123 (19.2) | |
| Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 score, mean (SD) | 68.5 (10.1) | 68.3 (9.9) | 68.0 (10.1) | 66.4 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| History of major chronic diseases | |||||
| Coronary heart disease | 808 (4.1) | 142 (3.9) | 133 (4.4) | 20 (3.1) | 0.46 |
| Stroke | 482 (2.4) | 94 (2.6) | 71 (2.3) | 22 (3.4) | 0.42 |
| Cancer | 3060 (15.6) | 630 (17.7) | 519 (17.3) | 99 (15.5) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes | 978 (4.9) | 178 (4.9) | 160 (5.3) | 31 (4.7) | 0.87 |
| Self-rated health | |||||
| Excellent | 2666 (13.5) | 452 (12.6) | 384 (12.7) | 101 (15.5) | 0.33 |
| Very good | 7759 (39.4) | 1368 (38.2) | 1179 (39.1) | 245 (37.6) | |
| Good | 7128 (36.2) | 1349 (37.7) | 1123 (37.2) | 241 (37.0) | |
| Fair/poor | 2165 (11.0) | 409 (11.4) | 333 (11.0) | 64 (9.8) | |