Fig. 3. Associations between the incipient AD proteomic signature with severity of AD pathology and longitudinal trajectories of antemortem cognitive performance.

Partial correlation analyses between 25 proteins comprising the incipient AD proteomic signature and (A) Braak and (B) CERAD scores in the BLSA and ROS cohorts in either the ITG or MFG (brain region with lower P value visualized). The y axis indicates the log₁₀(P value), and protein names are indicated on the x axis. Positive values indicate that a higher protein concentration was associated with a higher pathology score, while negative values indicate that a higher protein concentration was associated with a lower pathology score. The solid pink line indicates P = 0.05; the dashed pink line indicates P = 0.01. Positive significant values (red) and negative significant values (green) indicate that higher protein concentration is associated with higher or lower neurofibrillary tangle pathology (Braak scores)/neuritic plaque burden (CERAD scores), respectively. Nonsignificant associations are in black. Blue protein names indicate a significant association in both ROS and BLSA. (C) Associations between the incipient AD proteomic signature and longitudinal trajectories in MMSE scores in AD individuals in the BLSA and ROS in the ITG or MFG (brain region with lower P value visualized). A negative t value indicates a negative association between the protein slope in MMSE scores over time (i.e., a higher protein level is associated with a faster/increased decline in MMSE). A positive t value indicates a positive association between the protein and slope in MMSE scores over time. Values beyond the dashed lines indicate P < 0.05.