Table 6.
Cradle-to-gate cumulative energy demand and global warming potentials per kilogram of select metals.94
| Category | Metal | Cumulative Energy Demand (MJ-eq/kg) | Global Warming Potential (kg CO2-eq/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| REE | |||
| Cerium | 252 | 12.9 | |
| Dysprosium | 1,170 | 59.6 | |
| Erbium | 954 | 48.7 | |
| Europium | 7,750 | 395 | |
| Gadolinium | 914 | 46.6 | |
| Holmium | 4,400 | 226 | |
| Lanthanum | 215 | 11.0 | |
| Lutetium | 17,600 | 896 | |
| Neodymium | 344 | 17.6 | |
| Praseodymium | 376 | 19.2 | |
| Samarium | 1,160 | 59.1 | |
| Scandium | 97,200 | 5,710 | |
| Terbium | 5,820 | 297 | |
| Thulium | 12,700 | 649 | |
| Ytterbium | 2,450 | 125 | |
| Yttrium | 295 | 15.1 | |
| PGM | |||
| Palladium | 72,700 | 3,880 | |
| Platinum | 243,000 | 12,500 | |
| Other | |||
| Aluminum | 131 | 8.2 | |
| Antimony | 141 | 12.9 | |
| Arsenic | 5.0 | 0.3 | |
| Beryllium | 1,720 | 122 | |
| Indium | 1,720 | 102 | |
| Bismuth | 697 | 58.9 | |
| Cobalt | 128 | 8.3 | |
| Chromium | 40.2 | 2.4 | |
| Gallium | 3,030 | 205 | |
| Germanium | 2,890 | 170 | |
| Lead | 18.9 | 1.3 | |
| Lithium | 125 | 7.1 | |
| Magnesium | 18.8 | 5.4 | |
| Manganese | 23.7 | 1.0 | |
| Nickel | 111 | 6.5 | |
| Niobium | 172 | 12.5 | |
| Rhenium | 9,040 | 450 | |
| Rhodium | 683,000 | 35,100 | |
| Silver | 3,280 | 196 | |
| Strontium | 48.8 | 3.2 | |
| Tantalum | 4,360 | 260 | |
| Thallium | 5,160 | 376 | |
| Tin | 321 | 17.1 | |
| Titanium | 115 | 8.1 | |
| Uranium | 1,270 | 90.7 | |
| Vanadium | 516 | 33.1 | |
| Zinc | 52.9 | 3.1 |