Fig. 3.

Radiogenomics System Diagram: An abstract system diagram demonstrating the use of radiogenomics approaches in the context of precision medicine [68]. Based on the clinical case, (multi-modal) image acquisition is performed. Then, manual and/or automatic segmentation of the diagnostic regions of interest follows, driving quantitative and/or qualitative radiomic features extraction and machine learning approaches for segmentation, classification and inference. Alternatively, emerging deep learning methods using raw pixel intensities can be used for the same purpose. Radiogenomics approaches investigate the relationships between imaging and genomic features and how radiomics and genomics signatures, when processed jointly, can better describe clinical outcomes. On the other hand, radiomics research is focused on characterizing the relationship between quantitative imaging and clinical features.