Table 2. Baseline prevalence of CVD, and its risk factors by ethnicity in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.

Cardiovascular profile at initial cancer diagnosis	Ethnicity						p value for χ² test
	Malay (n = 795)		Chinese (n = 1,019)		Indian (n = 270)
	n	Prevalence (95% CI)	n	Prevalence (95% CI)	n	Prevalence (95% CI)
		Preexisting CVDa		46		05.8 (4.2–7.4)	35	03.4 (02.3–4.6)	22	08.1 (04.9–11.4)	0.002
Hypertensionb	424	53.3 (49.9–56.8)	409	40.5 (37.4–43.5)	159	58.9 (53.0–64.8)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitusc	188	23.7 (20.7–26.6)	96	009.4 (7.7–11.2)	108	40.0 (34.2–45.8)	<0.001
Obesity	228	28.7 (25.5–31.8)	82	008.0 (6.4–9.7)	66	24.4 (19.3–29.6)	<0.001
Dyslipidaemiad	517	65.7 (62.4–69.0)	599	63.1 (60.0–66.2)	194	72.9 (67.6–78.3)	0.02
Smoking	7	00.9 (0.2–1.5)	25	002.5 (1.5–3.4)	2	0.7 (0.0–1.8)	0.02
Family history of early-onset coronary heart diseasee	102	14.1 (11.6–16.7)	71	007.5 (05.8–9.2)	41	16.1 (11.6–20.7)	<0.001
Number of modifiable CVD risk factorsf							<0.001
0	133	16.9 (14.3–19.5)	217	23.0 (20.3–25.7)	27	10.2 (6.5–13.8)
1	226	28.7 (25.6–31.9)	382	40.5 (37.4–43.6)	70	26.3 (21.0–31.6)
2	210	26.7 (23.6–29.8)	243	25.8 (23.0–28.6)	76	28.6 (23.1–34.0)
≥3	218	27.7 (24.6–30.8)	101	10.7 (8.7–12.7)	93	35.0 (29.2–40.7)

^aIncludes angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, atrial fibrillation, valvular diseases, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and rheumatic heart disease

^bData missing in eight patients. The presented data includes 15 patients who self-reported their hypertension

^cData missing in four patients

^dData missing in 82 patients. The presented data includes 17 patients who self-reported their dyslipidaemia

^eDefined as coronary heart disease diagnosed before the age of 60 years in a first-degree relative

^fIncludes hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidaemia and smoking. Eighty-eight patients were excluded due to missing data for any of the risk factors