Table 2.
Anticancer effects of quercetin against PC.
Dose | In vitro/in vivo | Cell line | Effective mechanism | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
100 μM and 75 mg kg−1 | In vivo and in vitro | PANC-1 and Patu8988 | EMT suppression by reducing TGF-β1 level, inhibition of growth, invasion, and migration of cells, apoptosis of cancer cells by antagonizing TGF-β/Smad and SHH signaling pathways | [87] |
20 μM | In vitro | Mia-PaCa-2 and PANC-1 | Reduced IL-6 and IL-8 expressions and enhanced cytotoxicity against Mia-PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cell lines | [89] |
100 μM | In vitro | PANC-1 | Reduced immunoreactivities such as ACTA-2, IL-1β, and N-cadherin, increased TNF-α and vimentin, prevention of EMT | [139] |
20 μM and 40 mg kg−1 | In vivo and in vitro | PDAC | Improved effects of BET inhibitors at suppressing tumor development and reduced hnRNPA1 in vivo | [93] |
50-200 μM | In vitro | MIA Paca-2, BxPC-3, AsPC-1, HPAC and PANC-1 | Quercetin showed a RAGE silencing like effect that attenuate RAGE expression to accelerate apoptosis, autophagy, and chemosensitivity of MIA Paca-2 GEMR cells | [90] |
20-80 μM | In vitro | PANC-1 and PATU-8988 | Quercetin reversed IL-6-induced EMT by the stimulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and prevented the migration | [91] |
50 μM | In vivo | AsPC-1 and PANC-1 | Upregulation of miR-200b-3p that promoted the Notch signaling pathway of daughter cells to turn into symmetric | [92] |
50 μM | In vitro | AsPC-1, CRL-4023, and PANC-1 | Notch inhibition by quercetin-induced let-7c and marker progression, upregulation of Numbl, and tumor development reduction | [94] |
100 nM | In vitro | CFPAC-1 and SNU-213 | Suppressed TGF-β- and VEGF-A-induced migratory activity induced at low dosages in CFPAC-1, but not in bFGF-activated SNU-213 cells | [140] |