. 2021 Nov 3;2021:9528664. doi: 10.1155/2021/9528664

Table 1.

The utilized features of this study.

Feature name	Formula	Feature name	Formula
Mean	1/MN∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^Np(i, j)	Contrast	∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^Np²(i, j)
Variance	1/MN∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^N(p(i, j) − μ)	Perimeter	∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^NB_p(i, j)
Standard deviation	$\sqrt{variance}$	Entropy	−∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^Np(i, j)log p(i, j)
Area	∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^Np(i, j)	Solidity	Area/Convex Area
Rectangularity	Area/b × a	Correlation	∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^Np(i, j) − μ_rμ_c/σ_rσ_c
Irregularity index	4π × Area/Perimeter²	Invariant moments	φ ₁=η₂₀+η₀₂
Form factor	Area/a²		φ ₂=(η₂₀ − η₀₂)²+4η₁₁²
Form factor	Area/a²		φ ₃=(η₃₀ − 3η₁₂)²+(3η₂₁ − μ₀₃)²
Eccentricity	2/a(a² − b²)^0.5	Energy	∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^Np²(i, j)
Elongation	$2 {Area}^{0.5} / a \sqrt{π}$	Homogeneity	∑_i=1^M∑_j=1^Np(i, j)/1+\|i − j\|