Figure 1.

Differences of hemodynamics in patients who underwent neurosurgery and urological surgery between 5-aminolevulinic acid-pretreatment and non-pretreatment.

a), b) and c): Systolic blood pressures, diastolic blood pressures, and heart rates during perioperative courses in patients who underwent neurosurgery. d), e) and f): those in patients who underwent urological surgery.

Data are presented as medians [interquartile range]. ‡, P < 0.01; †, P < 0.05; comparison with baseline values using Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni adjustment following Friedman test. **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05; comparison between the 5-aminolevulinic acid-pretreated and non-pretreated patients using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Abbreviations: Non-pretreated, patients who had no pretreatment before surgery; 5-ALA-pretreated, patients pretreated with 5-aminolevulinic acid; NeuroSRG, neurosurgery (brain tumor resection); TUR, urological surgery (transurethral resection of bladder tumor); T_BL, on the early morning of the surgery day (before the pretreatments); T₂, before patients entered the operating room (2-2.5 h after the pretreatment, preoperatively); T₃, before anesthesia induction (3 h after the pretreatment, preoperatively); T₄, amid operation (4 h after the pretreatment, intraoperatively); T₆, amid operation in the neurosurgery (6 h after the pretreatment, intraoperatively) and after operation in the urological surgery (6 h after the pretreatment, postoperatively); T₉, after operation (9 h after the pretreatment, postoperatively).