Table 1.
Comparison of Clinical Backgrounds between the 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-pretreated and Non-pretreated Patients Who Underwent Neurosurgery.
| 5-ALA-pretreated | Non-pretreated | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 17 | 16 | |
| Age (yr) | 64 [47–72] | 71 [44–76] | 0.871 |
| Sex | 0.303 | ||
| Female | 11 (64.7%) | 7 (43.8%) | |
| Male | 6 (35.3%) | 9 (56.2%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.4 [20.6–24.6] | 22.2 [20.5–24.1] | 0.652 |
| Tumor | |||
| Recurrence | 7 (41.2%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.259 |
| Pathology | 1.000 | ||
| Gliomas | 15 (88.2%) | 14 (87.5%) | |
| Lymphoma | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.2%) | |
| Metastatic tumor | 2 (11.8%) | 1 (6.2%) | |
| MRI volume (cm3) | 37.6 [34.5–81.1] | 24.5 [15.1–54.2] | 0.292 |
| KPS score | 60 [50–60] | 60 [50–80] | 0.607 |
| Comorbidity | 7 (41.2%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension | 5 (29.4%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.688 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.2%) | 0.485 |
| Heart disease | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.2%) | 0.485 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3 (17.6%) | 3 (18.8%) | 1.000 |
| CKD | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.227 |
| Stroke | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| TP (g/dL) | 6.7 [6.4–7.0] | 6.8 [6.7–7.2] | 0.481 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.8 [3.5–4.2] | 4.3 [3.9–4.5] | 0.063 |
| AST (IU/L) | 16 [14–18] | 23 [19–27] | 0.008 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 15 [12–20] | 18 [12–23] | 0.329 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.6 [11.3–14.1] | 13.7 [12.7–15.1] | 0.528 |
| Antihypertensives | 5 (29.4%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.398 |
| RAS inhibitor | 3 (17.6%) | 1 (6.2%) | 0.601 |
| β-Blocker | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | N/A |
| Ca antagonist | 2 (11.8%) | 1 (6.2%) | 1.000 |
| Intraoperative | |||
| Operative time (min) | 211 [161–228] | 144 [126–151] | <0.001 |
| SBP <80mmHg | |||
| –T4 | 7 (41.2%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.000 |
| –T6 | 6 (35.3%) | 6 (37.5%) | 1.000 |
| Vasoactives | 16 (94.1%) | 14 (87.5%) | 0.601 |
| Blood loss | 130 [50–350] | 45 [20–127] | 0.024 |
| Postoperative | |||
| MV | 15 (88.2%) | 9 (56.2%) | 0.057 |
| Dopamine | 2 (11.8%) | 1 (6.2%) | 1.000 |
Note: Data are presented as median [interquartile range] and numbers (proportion).
Abbreviations: 5-ALA-pretreated, patients pretreated with 5-aminolevulinic acid; non-pretreated, patients who had no pretreatment before surgery; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; CKD, chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2); RAS, renin-angiotensin system; N/A, not applicable; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T4 and T6, around 4 and 6 h after the pretreatment, respectively; MV, patients on mechanical ventilators at 9 h after pretreatments.