Table 2. Definition of target population in current guidelines and consensus for screening of EC.

Guidelines or consensus (year published)	Subtypes	Target population
EC, esophageal cancer; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EAC, esophageal adenocarcinoma; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; BE, Barrett’s esophagus; BMI, body mass index.
Chinese expert consensus on screening and endoscopic management of early EC (2014) (14)	ESCC; EAC	Primary: older than 40 years, and at least one risk factors including: 1) from a high-incidence area of EC; 2) symptoms of the upper gastrointestinal tract; 3) family history of EC; 4) precancerous diseases or precancerous lesions of the esophagus; and 5) other high-risk factors for EC (smoking, heavy drinking, head and neck tumors, and respiratory squamous cell carcinoma)
Chinese consensus: Screening, diagnosis and treatment of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions (2015) (13)	ESCC	Long-term residence in a high-risk area of ESCC; family history of ESCC; previous history of esophageal lesions (esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia); personal history of cancer; long-term smoking history; long-term drinking history; poor eating habits such as eating too fast, blanching diet, high-salt diet, and eating pickled vegetables
Chinese expert consensus on screening of early EC and precancerous lesions (2019) (12)	ESCC	Primary: older than 40 years, and at least one risk factors including: 1) born or living in an area with a high incidence of EC for a long time; 2) family history of EC; 3) precancerous diseases or precancerous lesions of the esophagus; 4) head and neck tumors; and 5) combined with other high-risk factors for EC: blanching diet, alcohol consumption (15 g/d), smoking, eating too fast, indoor air pollution, and missing teeth
American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett’s esophagus (2011) (8)	EAC	Male sex, older than 50 years, Caucasian, chronic GERD, hiatal hernia and obesity
ASGE guideline on screening and surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus (2019) (9)	EAC	Male sex, older than 50 years, Caucasian, family history of BE, increased duration of reflux symptoms, smoking and obesity
British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of Barrett’s oesophagus (2014) (7)	EAC	Primary: patients with GERD, and at least three risk factors including: 1) male; 2) older than 50 years; 3) Caucasian; and 4) obesity. Family history of BE or EAC would lower included threshold
ACG clinical guideline: Diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus (2016) (10)	EAC	Primary: male patients with either >5 years of GERD or with more than weekly GERD symptoms, and at least two other risk factors including: 1) age >50 years; 2) central obesity; 3) smoking history; 4) Caucasian; and 5) first-degree relatives with BE or EAC
The Chinese consensus for screening, diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus and early adenocarcinoma (2017) (11)	EAC	1) Older than 50 years; 2) male; 3) family history of BE; 4) long-term GERD (>5 years); 5) history of heavy smoking; and 6) obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2 or abdominal obesity)