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. 2021 Oct 28;12:748049. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748049

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Simplified scheme of the flavonoid pathway, comprising the general phenylpropanoid pathway, the anthocyanin branch, and other subgroups of flavonoid end-products. Enzyme names are abbreviated as follows: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4 coumarate CoA ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3′H, flavanone 3′-hydroxylase; F3′5′H, flavanone 3′5′-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol reductase; FLS, flavonol synthase; ANS/LDOX, anthocyanidin synthase/leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase; UFGT, UDP-flavonoid glucosyl transferase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; LAR, anthocyanidin reductase; MT, methyltransferase; AAT, anthocyanin acyltransferase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; P-ATPase, P-type ATPase proton pump; MATE, MATE-type transporter. Boxes indicate the early and late biosynthetic genes (EBGs and LBGs) of the flavonoid pathway in dicots.