Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of each group.
| Y-MDD | Y-BD | HC | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 50) | Y-MDDc (n = 29) | Y-MDDf (n = 21) | (n = 38) | (n = 51) | ||
| Age (years)+ | 17.9 (2.7) | 17.6 (2.7) | 18.2 (2.6) | 18.9 (3.0) | 17.7 (3.2) | 0.128 |
| Sex (n, %) | 0.346 | |||||
| Female | 34 (66) | 21 (72.4) | 13 (61.9) | 20 (52.6) | 31 (60) | |
| Male | 16 (33) | 8 (27.6) | 8 (38.1) | 18 (47.4) | 20 (40) | |
| Education years+ | 11.4 (2.2) | 11.0 (2.7) | 12.0 (2.0) | 12.8 (2.8) | 11.6 (2.8) | 0.051 |
| Duration (months)+ | 35.0 (35.8) | 40.2 (36.7) | 27.6 (34.1) | 39.2 (31.2) | - | |
| The duration of this episode+ | 5.3 (7.8) | 5.0 (8.8) | 5.9 (6.1) | 4.7 (8.8) | - | |
| Time of episodes+ | 2.2 (1.3) | 2.4 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.6) | - | |
| The score of HDRS+ | 22.2 (3.2) | 22.6 (2.9) | 21.6 (3.6) | 3.4 (2.8) | - | |
| The score of YMRS | NA | NA | NA | 1.8 (2.4) | ||
| T-score of each domain+ | F(df = 2) | |||||
| Speed of processing | 35.3 (12.6) | 36.4 (11.7) | 32.9 (12.9) | 28.3 (13.7) | 43.8 (10.1) | 6.90** |
| Attention/vigilance | 37.2 (13.0) | 37.7 (12.6) | 35.4 (13.9) | 28.4 (14.2) | 38.6 (12.7) | 4.49* |
| Working memory | 44.2 (12.8) | 43.5 (12.9) | 43.0 (13.3) | 36.2 (8.4) | 45.4 (10.0) | 3.96* |
| Verbal learning | 44.6 (9.2) | 45.5 (8.4) | 41.7 (10.0) | 39.4 (9.3) | 52.2 (11.5) | 6.46** |
| Visual learning | 42.0 (13.4) | 41.9 (14.1) | 41.6 (12.1) | 40.1 (10.7) | 47.4 (10.7) | 5.54** |
| Reasoning and problem solving | 43.2 (10.9) | 41.4 (11.1) | 44.1 (10.6) | 35.6 (7.6) | 49.3 (8.9) | 8.48** |
| Social cognition | 46.7 (15.3) | 46.4 (13.1) | 49.2 (17.5) | 41.3 (15.2) | 44.3 (10.2) | 1.84 |
Y-MDD, young patients with major depressive disorders; Y-MDDc, Y-MDD patients who completed the second assessment; Y-MDDf, Y-MDD patients who failed to complete the retest; Y-BD, young patients with bipolar disorder in the euthymic phase; HC, healthy controls; p-value, the p-value by analysis of variance or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) among Y-MDD, Y-BD, and HC.
+
Mean (SD);
*
p < 0.005;
**
p < 0.001.