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. 2021 Nov 11;7:348. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00738-z

Fig. 3. Axdnd1−/− male mice are infertile with small testis size and abnormal spermiogenesis.

Fig. 3

A The strategy used to generate Axdnd1 knockout mouse model via CRISP/Cas9 technology. A large fragment (16.752 kb) was deleted in Axdnd1−/− mice. B Gross morphology of testes from wild type (WT) and Axdnd1−/− male mice at postnatal day 60 (P60). C Sperm counts analysis in caudal epididymis. Mature sperm was hardly found in the caudal epididymis of Axdnd1−/− mice. Data are presented as Mean ± SEM, n = 6. **P < 0.01 by Student’s t-test. D Testis growth curve (ratio of the testis to body weight) in WT and Axdnd1−/− mice. The testis of Axdnd1−/− mice began to be smaller than WT at P49. Data are presented as Mean ± SEM, n = 3. *P < 0.05. E–F Histological analysis of the testis (E) and caudal epididymis (F) from WT and Axdnd1−/− mice. Vacuoles (labeled by asterisks) and ill-shaped nuclei (labeled by black arrowheads) were observed in the seminiferous tubules of Axdnd1−/− mice. Scale bar: 100 µm.