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. 2021 Nov 10;7:346. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00746-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — We set the following five groups: saline, MIA, MIA + moderate-intensity exercise, MIA + moderate-intensity exercise + BzATP, MIA + moderate-intensity exercise + MHY1485. A total of 50 rats were randomly assigned, with 10 rats in each group. A Micro-CT scanning of knee joints in each group was used to obtain imaging data for the tibial plateau and subchondral bone (scale bar: 1 mm). B ELISA was used to determine IL-1β levels in the articular cavity lavage fluid of rats in each group. C H&E staining and D TB staining were used to analyze the degree of cartilage loss and the development of inflammation. E Knee joint bone-related parameters, including BV, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, and Tb.Sp, as evaluated by micro-CT. F OARSI scores were used to determine the development stage of OA in the knee joint tissues of rats in each group. The * in the HE and TB staining images represents the cartilage damage site. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.