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. 2021 Nov 10;12(11):1070. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04362-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The top 10 upregulated and top 10 downregulated genes in primary melanomas were sorted according to the deviation values and shown in a heat map. Color bars on the right represent ranges of z value. PURPL was indicated by a red arrow. b The expression of PURPL in melanoma (461 cases) compared with normal tissues (558 cases). The original data is from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database and analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA, http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). The expression levels of PURPL were detected by qPCR in c primary normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM) and melanoma cell lines (A375, SK-MEL-1, and SK-MEL-28) or d normal skin tissues and melanomas. The qPCR data represent the average of three independent experiments ±s.d. e in situ hybridization (ISH) detection of PURPL on paraffin sections of melanoma and normal skin specimens. Representative images with various levels of staining (negative or weak from normal tissues, strong from tumor tissues) are shown. Scale bar: 100 µm. f Association of PURPL staining scores with tumor grade (Normal skin tissues, Nevi, T1, T2, T3, and T4). Data are plotted as the means of 95% confidence interval ±s.d. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.