Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Health Status
| Cohorts | Primary | Crossover | Combined | Total N | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMT | OAT | SMTX | OATX | SMTC | OATC | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||
| N | 4,998 | 20,947 | 1,431 | 784 | 6,429 | 21,731 | 28,160 | ||||||
| Age at cohort accrual (years) | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | - |
| 73.1 | 4.8 | 72.6 | 4.8 | 73.1 | 4.9 | 72.9 | 4.7 | 73.1 | 4.8 | 72.6 | 4.8 | - | |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Age Category (years) | n | % | N | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | - |
| 65–69 | 1,599 | 32.0% | 7,817 | 37.3% | 461 | 32.2% | 254 | 32.4% | 2,060 | 32.0% | 8,071 | 37.1% | 10,131 |
| 70–74 | 1,721 | 34.4% | 6,787 | 32.4% | 495 | 34.6% | 283 | 36.1% | 2,216 | 34.5% | 7,070 | 32.5% | 9,286 |
| 75–79 | 1,125 | 22.5% | 4,254 | 20.3% | 302 | 21.1% | 172 | 21.9% | 1,427 | 22.2% | 4,426 | 20.4% | 5,853 |
| 80–84 | 553 | 11.1% | 2,089 | 10.0% | 173 | 12.1% | 75 | 9.6% | 726 | 11.3% | 2,164 | 10.0% | 2,890 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Male | 1,440 | 28.8% | 5,543 | 26.5% | 355 | 24.8% | 191 | 24.4% | 1,795 | 27.9% | 5,734 | 26.4% | 7,529 |
| Female | 3,558 | 71.2% | 15,404 | 73.5% | 1,076 | 75.2% | 593 | 75.6% | 4,634 | 72.1% | 15,997 | 73.6% | 20,631 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| White | 4,768 | 95.4% | 17,586 | 84.0% | 1,359 | 95.0% | 741 | 94.5% | 6,127 | 95.3% | 18,327 | 84.3% | 24,454 |
| Other / Unknown | 230 | 4.6% | 3,361 | 16.1% | 72 | 5.0% | 43 | 5.5% | 302 | 4.7% | 3,404 | 15.7% | 3,706 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Socioeconomic Status | |||||||||||||
| Low income subsidy | 497 | 9.9% | 10,291 | 49.1% | 330 | 23.1% | 106 | 13.5% | 827 | 12.9% | 10,397 | 47.8% | 11,224 |
| Dual eligibility | 414 | 8.3% | 8,882 | 42.4% | 265 | 18.5% | 89 | 11.4% | 679 | 10.6% | 8,971 | 41.3% | 9,650 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 3,195 | 63.9% | 8,740 | 41.7% | 723 | 50.5% | 444 | 56.6% | 3,918 | 60.9% | 9,184 | 42.3% | 13,102 |
| 1 | 1,146 | 22.9% | 6,148 | 29.4% | 408 | 28.5% | 195 | 24.9% | 1,554 | 24.2% | 6,343 | 29.2% | 7,897 |
| 2 | 445 | 8.9% | 3,412 | 16.3% | 177 | 12.4% | 93 | 11.9% | 622 | 9.7% | 3,505 | 16.1% | 4,127 |
| 3 | 148 | 3.0% | 1,499 | 7.2% | 79 | 5.5% | 33 | 4.2% | 227 | 3.5% | 1,532 | 7.0% | 1,759 |
| 4+ | 64 | 1.3% | 1,148 | 5.5% | 44 | 3.1% | 19 | 2.4% | 108 | 1.7% | 1,167 | 5.4% | 1,275 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| Chronic Condition | |||||||||||||
| Osteoarthritis of the Hip | 122 | 2.4% | 1,309 | 6.3% | 101 | 7.1% | 35 | 4.5% | 223 | 3.5% | 1,344 | 6.2% | 1,567 |
| Osteoarthritis of the Knee | 459 | 9.2% | 3,427 | 16.4% | 273 | 19.1% | 124 | 15.8% | 732 | 11.4% | 3,551 | 16.3% | 4,283 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1,402 | 28.1% | 6,015 | 28.7% | 602 | 42.1% | 258 | 32.9% | 2,004 | 31.2% | 6,273 | 28.9% | 8,277 |
| Depressive Disorder | 412 | 8.2% | 6,146 | 29.3% | 311 | 21.7% | 122 | 15.6% | 723 | 11.2% | 6,268 | 28.8% | 6,991 |
|
| |||||||||||||
| LBP Diagnosis Category | |||||||||||||
| Non-Specific LBP | 4,833 | 96.7% | 15,646 | 74.7% | 1,301 | 90.9% | 730 | 93.1% | 6,134 | 95.4% | 16,376 | 75.4% | 22,510 |
| Radiculopathy | 113 | 2.3% | 3,272 | 15.6% | 79 | 5.5% | 35 | 4.5% | 192 | 3.0% | 3,307 | 15.2% | 3,499 |
| Herniated Disc | * | * | 44 | 0.2% | * | * | * | * | * | * | 44 | 0.2% | 44 |
| Spondylolisthesis | * | * | 274 | 1.3% | * | * | * | * | 11 | 0.2% | 276 | 1.3% | 274 |
| Sprain/Strain | 24 | 0.5% | 125 | 0.6% | * | * | * | * | 30 | 0.5% | 130 | 0.6% | 149 |
| Spinal Stenosis | 23 | 0.5% | 1,586 | 7.6% | 36 | 2.5% | 12 | 1.5% | 59 | 0.9% | 1,598 | 7.4% | 1,657 |
Notes: Cohort Definitions: SMT = subjects who initiated SMT in 2013 for long-term management of cLBP, with no concurrent OAT; OAT = subjects who initiated OAT in 2013 for long-term management of cLBP, with no concurrent SMT; SMTX = subjects with any occurrence of SMT in 2013, followed by initiation in 2013 of OAT for long-term management of cLBP; OATX = subjects with any occurrence of OAT in 2013, followed by initiation in 2013 of SMT for long-term management of cLBP; SMTC = combination of SMT and SMTX; OATC = combination of OAT and OATX; n = number of subjects; n/a = not applicable;
*
= data suppressed in accordance with CMS rules