Table 1.
Contents of GGPs in selected soy sauce samples (μg/mL)
| GGP | Traditional soy sauce | Industrial brewed soy sauce | Industrial mixed soy sauce | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KM | JM | SM | HM | S701Y | S501Y | SY | MY | CY | SF3B | HB | NB | |
| γ-Glu-Trp | 0.09 ± 0.00 | 1.38 ± 0.00 | LOD* | 0.55 ± 0.00 | 0.85 ± 0.00 | 0.66 ± 0.00 | 0.76 ± 0.00 | 0.18 ± 0.00) | LOD* | 0.39 ± 0.00 | 0.66 ± 0.00 | LOD* |
| γ-Glu-Phe | 11.24 ± 0.19 | 13.45 ± 0.79 | 11.52 ± 0.22 | 71.10 ± 1.27 | 81.99 ± 2.48 | 48.21 ± 0.92 | 38.76 ± 0.88 | 10.92 ± 0.20 | 16.28 ± 0.33 | 19.97 ± 0.57 | 12.22 ± 0.06 | 1.26 ± 0.13 |
| γ-Glu-Leu | 9.59 ± 0.08 | 24.08 ± 0.58 | 15.78 ± 0.41 | 78.83 ± 1.73 | 77.60 ± 2.79 | 42.49 ± 0.94 | 34.95 ± 1.07 | 3.48 ± 0.14 | 3.34 ± 0.07 | 17.06 ± 0.65 | 6.01 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.06 |
| γ-Glu-Met | 2.60 ± 0.05 | 3.09 ± 0.15 | 2.38 ± 0.08 | 7.26 ± 0.19 | 37.99 ± 1.39 | 23.56 ± 0.46 | 21.69 ± 0.21 | 5.12 ± 0.14 | LOD* | 8.15 ± 0.19 | 3.92 ± 0.05 | 1.19 ± 0.02 |
| γ-Glu-Tyr | 1.70 ± 0.09 | 2.41 ± 0.18 | 1.93 ± 0.11 | 18.74 ± 0.68 | 11.52 ± 0.42 | 11.05 ± 0.44 | 17.00 ± 0.30 | 17.69 ± 0.32 | 20.63 ± 0.19 | 4.17 ± 0.21 | 10.55 ± 0.00 | 1.48 ± 0.11 |
| γ-Glu-Val | 5.53 ± 0.51 | 9.80 ± 0.64 | 13.65 ± 0.28 | 54.25 ± 1.33 | 109.13 ± 3.16 | 68.50 ± 2.12 | 50.18 ± 0.90 | 6.15 ± 0.22 | 3.11 ± 0.17 | 20.82 ± 0.86 | 5.44 ± 0.03 | 1.59 ± 0.06 |
| γ-Glu-Val-Gly | 0.64 ± 0.07 | LOD* | 0.47 ± 0.04 | 4.37 ± 0.10 | 5.38 ± 0.21 | 5.20 ± 0.15 | 5.34 ± 0.12 | 1.69 ± 0.02 | 1.40 ± 0.08 | 1.08 ± 0.08 | 1.57 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.02 |
| γ-Glu-Gly | 7.79 ± 0.21 | 3.52 ± 0.16 | 10.29 ± 0.29 | 5.54 ± 0.02 | 45.70 ± 1.23 | 30.24 ± 0.86 | 29.55 ± 0.84 | 8.43 ± 0.20 | 9.37 ± 0.12 | 12.33 ± 0.61 | 12.01 ± 0.12 | 4.18 ± 0.07 |
| γ-Glu-Gln | 7.00 ± 0.10 | LOD* | LOD* | 15.64 ± 0.10 | 8.84 ± 0.23 | 10.19 ± 0.18 | 12.39 ± 0.28 | 6.68 ± 0.25 | 7.64 ± 0.18 | 2.42 ± 0.08 | 6.82 ± 0.03 | 1.33 ± 0.02 |
| γ-Glu-His | 15.40 ± 0.15 | 0.69 ± 0.06 | 5.84 ± 0.26 | 80.33 ± 1.01 | 28.23 ± 0.63 | 20.44 ± 0.42 | 31.77 ± 0.88 | 6.082 ± 0.27 | 6.88 ± 0.42 | 10.35 ± 0.23 | 12.90 ± 0.05 | 1.96 ± 0.11 |
| γ-Glu-Glu | 36.071 ± 0.34 | 18.12 ± 0.65 | 33.471 ± 0.56 | 109.01 ± 2.11 | 213.65 ± 6.90 | 137.50 ± 2.16 | 139.66 ± 3.29 | 18.16 ± 0.66 | 23.61 ± 2.13 | 54.58 ± 2.50 | 31.48 ± 0.4 | 7.04 ± 0.46 |
| ∑ γ-Glu-X | 97.64 | 76.53 | 95.32 | 445.61 | 620.88 | 397.99 | 382.05 | 84.58 | 92.26 | 151.32 | 103.58 | 20.20 |
Values represent the mean ± standard deviation
LOD*; Limit of determination