Table 2.

Relative abundance of microbial taxa at the phylum, family, and genus levels in fermenters at 48 h of in vitro colonic fermentation

							Two-way ANOVA (P)
			CEL	BM	CEL + CPP	BM + CPP	Carbohydrate	CPP	Interaction
Phylum	Family	Genus	Relative abundance (%)
Firmicutes			54.1 ± 3.7	57.9 ± 3.6	57.9 ± 3.3	51.7 ± 1.2	0.705	0.705	0.127
		Lactobacillus	1.68 ± 0.19b	13.1 ± 3.3a	6.95 ± 0.64ab	9.36 ± 1.5a	< 0.01	0.672	< 0.05
	Clostridiaceae		3.23 ± 0.49	0.84 ± 0.31	1.87 ± 0.18	0.29 ± 0.03	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.201
		Clostridium	2.79 ± 0.58	0.26 ± 0.09	1.54 ± 0.22	0.23 ± 0.03	< 0.01	0.080	0.071
Bacteroidetes			31.7 ± 3.1b	35.9 ± 3.6ab	21.7 ± 0.9c	41.7 ± 1.1a	< 0.01	0.414	< 0.01
		Prevotella	16.2 ± 1.3	35.1 ± 3.7	14.8 ± 0.9	40.7 ± 1.4	< 0.01	0.322	0.117
Actinobacteria			2.02 ± 0.30	5.68 ± 1.15	3.61 ± 0.70	5.63 ± 1.08	< 0.01	0.394	0.365
		Bifidobacterium	0.11 ± 0.02	4.53 ± 1.17	0.15 ± 0.02	4.05 ± 1.02	< 0.01	0.775	0.741

Data are expressed as the mean ± SE (n = 5). Two-way ANOVA was performed to assess the effects of the carbohydrate source, CPP extract, and their interaction. When significant interactions were observed (p < 0.05), the means among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA paired with Tukey’s test.

CEL, cellulose; BM, BARLEYmax; CPP, cocoa polyphenol

^a−cMean values within a row with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).