Table 3.
Characteristics of population according to PbtO2 responder or non-responder to CPP challenge.
| Responder (n = 25) | Non responder(n = 28) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 52 (41–59) | 50 (40–57) | 0.57 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 11 (44) | 20 (71) | 0.06 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 9 (36) | 5 (18) | 0.21 |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 0 | 2 (7) | 0.49 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 6 (24) | 6 (21) | 1.00 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 8 (32) | 4 (14) | 0.19 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2 (8) | 5 (18) | 0.43 |
| Previous neurological disease, n (%) | 0 | 2 (7) | 0.49 |
| CKD, n (%) | 0 | 0 | – |
| COPD, n (%) | 1 (4) | 3 (11) | 0.61 |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | 0 | 0 | – |
| Cancer, n (%) | 1 (4) | 2 (7) | 1.00 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, n (%) | 1 (4) | 0 | 0.47 |
| On admission | |||
| Glasgow coma scale | 6 (3–9) | 7 (3–11) | 0.59 |
| Type of disease, n (%) | 0.65 | ||
| TBI | 10 (40) | 10 (36) | |
| SAH | 14 (56) | 15 (54) | |
| ICH | 1 (4) | 3 (10) | |
| MED | 0 | 0 | |
| During ICU stay | |||
| Vasopressors, n (%) | 25 (100) | 28 (100) | – |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 25 (100) | 28 (100) | – |
| RRT, n (%) | 1 (4) | 0 | 0.47 |
| Osmotic therapy, n (%) | 21 (84) | 24 (86) | 1.00 |
| Decompressive craniectomy, n (%) | 7 (28) | 3 (11) | 0.16 |
| Hypothermia, n (%) | 4 (16) | 6 (21) | 0.73 |
| Anti-epileptics, n (%) | 24 (96) | 24 (86) | 0.36 |
| Barbiturates, n (%) | 12 (48) | 9 (32) | 0.27 |
| Intracranial hypertension, n (%) | 19 (76) | 17 (61) | 0.26 |
| Seizures, n (%) | 4 (16) | 5 (18) | 1.00 |
| On the first day of assessment | |||
| Body temperature, °C | 37.0 (36.8–37.3) | 36.9 (36.7–37.4) | 0.69 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 38 (35–39) | 37 (36–38) | 0.51 |
| PaO2, mmHg | 102 (98–110) | 100 (98–111) | 0.79 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.1) | 0.12 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 11.3 (10.8–12.2) | 11.2 (10.7–12.2) | 0.63 |
| mFV, cm/sec | 56.0 (49.7–71.0) | 55.3 (47.3–62.7) | 0.13 |
| Pulsatility Index | 0.91 (0.69–1.13) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 0.41 |
| Mean NPi | 4.6 (4.3–4.7) | 4.1 (3.2–4.6) | 0.30 |
| iPbtO2, mmHg | 17 (16–19) | 22 (20–26) | <0.01 |
| Brain hypoxia, n (%) | 20 (80) | 6 (21) | <0.01 |
| Outcomes | |||
| ICU stay, days | 15 (12–24) | 23 (11–33) | 0.18 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 11 (44) | 7 (25) | 0.16 |
| GOS 3 months | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 0.37 |
| UO | 16 (64) | 17 (61) | 1.00 |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TBI, traumatic brain injury; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; RRT, renal replacement therapy; PaCO2, partial arterial CO2 pressure; PaO2, partial arterial oxygen pressure; mFV-MCA, mean MCA flow velocity; NPI, neurological pupil index; iPbtO2, brain tissue oxygenation at baseline; ICU, intensive care unit; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale.