Table 5.
Implementation of the ABCDEF bundle compared with previous studies before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Element of the ABCDEF bundle | This study | Referencea | Referenceb | Referencec | |
| Before or after the pandemic | After the COVID-19 pandemic | Before the COVID-19 pandemic | |||
| Survey date | 27th January in 2021 |
3rd June and 1st July in 2020 |
January 2015–March 2017 | March–September in 2016 |
|
| Survey settings | International | International | National (USA) | International | |
| Target ICU patients | WITHOUT COVID-19 infection |
WITH COVID-19 infection |
WITH COVID-19 infection |
WITHOUT COVID-19 infection |
|
| Number of enrolled patients | (n = 627) | (n = 602) | (n = 262) | (n = 15,226) | (n = 1,521) |
| An entire of the ABCDED bundle | (0%) | (1%) | (1%) | (8%) | |
| Element A, n (%) | (64%) | (55%) | (45%) | (77%) | (83%) |
| Element B (both SAT and SBT) | (17%) | (10%) | |||
| Spontaneous awakening trial, n (%) | (21%) | (14%) | (28%) | (34%) | (66%) |
| Spontaneous breathing trial, n (%) | (29%) | (16%) | (28%) | (36%) | (67%) |
| Element C, n (%) | (45%) | (61%) | (52%) | (59%) | (89%) |
| Element D, n (%) | (39%) | (35%) | (39%) | (56%) | (70%) |
| Element E, n (%) | (12%) | (16%) | (35%) | (29%) | |
| Element F, n (%) | (16%) | (30%) | (16%) | (63%) | (67%) |