Figure 4.

Distinct quality of CD8⁺ T in follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment and of endemic control subjects. Evolution of the frequencies of CD8⁺ T cells producing one cytokine (IL-2, TNF-α, or IFN-γ), and any combination of two or all three cytokines along the time. Each frequency was recorded after background subtraction of cells incubated without antigen [soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA)]. Results are expressed as means + SE, with asterisks and horizontal lines indicating significant differences between times of treatments and healthy controls as disclosed by the Mann–Whitney method. Hashtags show significant differences between times of treatment as determined by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs rank statistical test.