Table 4.
Categories of drugs in registered RCTs
| Drugs’ category | Number |
|---|---|
| Antimalarials | 198 |
|
• HCQ or CQ • artesunate • artemisinin • mefloquine |
185 5 4 2 |
| Antibiotics / Antifungals | 100 |
|
• azithromycin • doxycycline • co-trimoxazole • itraconazole • clarithromycin |
68 15 4 3 3 |
| Glucocorticoids | 108 |
|
• dexamethasone • methylprednisolone • budesonide • ciclesonide • prednisolone • prednisone |
34 31 10 10 7 6 |
| Immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies | 143 |
|
• IVIG • bamlanivimab • clazakizumab • casirivimab + imdevimab • bevacizumab • mavrilimumab |
24 13 6 6 4 3 |
| Antihypertensive agents | 72 |
|
• losartan • ACE-inh |
18 9 |
| Mucolytics | 36 |
|
• NAC • dornase alfa • bromhexine hydrochloride |
18 13 10 |
| Anticoagulants /Antiplatelets | 128 |
|
• heparin • enoxaparin • aspirin • nafamostat mesylate • rivaroxaban • dipyridamole |
29 26 15 10 10 3 |
| Hormones | 33 |
|
• melatonin • thymosin • estradiol • liothyronine • oxytocin |
14 7 3 2 1 |
| Other synthetic drugs | 318 |
|
• colchicine • atorvastatin • surfactant • famotidine • pirfenidone • isotretinoin • deferoxamine • aviptadil |
38 14 8 7 7 6 4 3 |
| Stem cell therapies | 103 |
| Antivirals | 315 |
|
• favipiravir • LPV/r • remdesivir • sofosbuvir + daclatasvir • umifenovir • ribavirin • oseltamivir • molnupiravir • sofosbuvir + ledipasvir • ASC09 • azvudine |
71 62 39 24 18 8 7 6 6 5 4 |
| Other Antiparasitics | 140 |
|
• ivermectin • nitazoxanide • niclosamide |
92 24 19 |
| Immunomodulators | 287 |
|
• tocilizumab • IFNs • anakinra • baricitinib • sarilumab • cyclosporine • leflunomide • interleukin-7 • sirolimus • adalimumab |
67 49 22 14 11 10 8 6 6 6 |
| Antineoplastic agents | 112 |
|
• ruxolitinib • acalabrutinib • imatinib • tofacitinib • lenzilumab • ibrutinib |
19 7 6 5 4 4 |
| Antihyperglycemic agents | 21 |
|
• pioglitazone • linagliptin • metformin |
4 3 5 |
| Antifibrinolytics | 42 |
|
• camostat mesylate • ulinastat • tranexamic acid |
29 4 3 |
| Mineral/Vitamins | 172 |
|
• vitamin C • vitamin D3 • zinc • vitamin A |
48 45 27 9 |
| Other biologic interventions | 229 |
| • convalescent plasma | 194 |
| Vaccines | 283 |
|
• COVID-19 vaccine - mRNA vaccine 71 - vector vaccines 64 - subunit vaccine 59 - inactivated vaccine 39 - DNA vaccine 13 - virus-like particle 6 - live attenuated vaccine 5 |
258 |
|
• BCG vaccine • mycobacterium vaccine • measles vaccine • polio vaccine |
6 5 3 2 |
*Studies may evaluate more than one intervention drug from different categories; accordingly, the sum of categories/drugs number may exceed more than 100%
Abbreviations: HCQ Hydroxychloroquine, CQ chloroquine, LPV/r lopinavir-ritonavir, IFN interferon, IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin, ACE-inh angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, NAC N-acetyl-cysteine, mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid, DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, BCG bacillus Calmette–Guérin