TABLE 5.

Means (standard deviations) and paired sample t-test results for the comparison between the creativity level in different domains before and during lockdown in both countries.

Creativity Level	Mean (SD)		t	p	d
	Before COVID-19	During
China (n = 415)
Arts (total score)	10.27 (3.59)	12.60 (4.05)	13.96	0.000	0.69
Culinary Arts (e.g., cooking)	2.40 (1.03)	3.19 (1.11)	14.33	0.000	0.70
Visual Arts (e.g., painting)	1.95 (0.94)	2.32 (1.06)	9.08	0.000	0.45
Performing Arts (e.g., singing)	2.01 (0.96)	2.28 (1.11)	5.72	0.000	0.28
Crafts (e.g., handcrafting)	1.96 (0.93)	2.43 (1.17)	10.30	0.000	0.51
Digital Activities (e.g., making videos)	1.94 (1.02)	2.38 (1.22)	10.47	0.000	0.51
Learning and Ideas (total score)	7.12 (2.31)	8.59 (2.59)	12.45	0.000	0.61
Knowledge Acquisition (e.g., webinars)	2.51 (0.98)	3.40 (1.05)	16.98	0.000	0.83
Social Online-Engagement (e.g., calls)	2.38 (1.10)	2.65 (1.23)	3.85	0.000	0.19
Inventions (e.g., business ideas)	2.24 (0.99)	2.54 (1.13)	9.06	0.000	0.45
Germany (n = 339)
Arts (total score)	9.97 (3.49)	10.74 (3.74)	5.81	0.000	0.32
Culinary Arts (e.g., cooking)	2.90 (1.06)	3.23 (1.12)	6.06	0.000	0.33
Visual Arts (e.g., painting)	1.75 (1.11)	1.79 (1.13)	1.31	0.190	0.07
Performing Arts (e.g., singing)	1.75 (1.11)	1.73 (1.11)	–0.43	0.670	0.02
Crafts (e.g., handcrafting)	1.88 (1.02)	2.14 (1.23)	5.86	0.000	0.32
Digital Activities (e.g., making videos)	1.69 (1.06)	1.85 (1.27)	4.18	0.000	0.23
Learning and Ideas (total score)	5.74 (2.42)	6.90 (2.90)	10.52	0.000	0.57
Knowledge Acquisition (e.g., webinars)	1.99 (1.05)	2.34 (1.29)	6.45	0.000	0.35
Social Online-Engagement (e.g., calls)	1.89 (1.04)	2.55 (1.32)	11.30	0.000	0.61
Inventions (e.g., business ideas)	1.86 (2.00)	2.00 (1.12)	3.73	0.000	0.20