Table 2.
Factors associated with probability, risk and severity of COVID-19
| Probability of contracting COVID-19(a) |
Perceived severity of illness(b) |
Risk perception(c) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates (95% CI) | P value | Estimates (95% CI) | P value | Estimates (95% CI) | P value |
| Age | 0,01 (-0.00, 0.02) | 0.064 | 0.01 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.025 | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Female | -0.17 (-0.40, 0.06) | 0.151 | 0.35 (0.10, 0.60) | 0.007 | ||
| Education level | ||||||
| Under 9 years | -0.58 (-1.01, -0.16) | 0.007 | -0.16 (-0.62, 0.31) | 0.502 | -0.54 (-1.02, -0.07) | 0.024 |
| Non-university | 0.05 (-0.36, 0.46) | 0.812 | 0.56 (0.12, 1.00) | 0.014 | 0.14 (-0.32, 0.6) | 0.554 |
| University or higher | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Having a chronic illness | ||||||
| Yes | 1.11 (0.74, 1.48) | <0.001 | ||||
| No or do not know | Reference | |||||
| Health literacy | 0.05 (-0.02, 0.11) | 0.139 | 1.06 (0.98, 1.15) | 0.143 | ||
| Trust in non-medical institutions to manage COVID-19 | -0.14 (-0.23, -0.05) | 0.002 | -0.14(-0.23, -0.04) | 0.005 | -0.09 (-0.18, 0.01) | 0.081 |
| Being a health professional | ||||||
| Yes | 1.42 (1.18, 1.66) | <0.001 | -0.25 (-0.51, 0.02) | 0.065 | 1.53 (1.27, 1.79) | <0.001 |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Being infected with COVID-19 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.66 (0.05, 1.28) | 0.035 | ||||
| No | Reference | |||||
| Knowing someone in your immediate social network who has or had COVID-19 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.26 (0.03, 0.49) | 0.027 | -1.39 (-1.87, -1.03) | 0.031 | 0.40 (0.15, 0.66) | 0.002 |
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||
| R2 / Adjusted R2 | 0.25/0.24 | 0.10/0.09 | 0.22/0.21 | |||
| F-statistics | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||
Note: Linear regression was performed for all three models using the backward elimination approach based on the Akaike Information Criterion for model selection. The full model for all three models were adjusted for age (continuous), gender, education level, chronic disease, health literacy (continuous), trust in non-medical institutions (continuous), trust in the medical sector (continuous), trust in media sources (continuous), being a health professional, being infected with COVID-19, knowing someone who was infected with COVID-19 and frequency of media consumption.
Probability of contracting COVID-19: What do you consider to be your own probability of getting infected with COVID-19? (1: extremely unlikely; 7: extremely likely)
Perceived severity of illness: How severe would contracting COVID-19 be for you (how seriously ill do you think you will be)? (1: not severe, 7: very severe).
Risk perception: How susceptible do you consider yourself to an infection with COVID-19? (1: very low risk, 7: very high risk)