Table 2 .
Comparison of baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching
| Before matching | After matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (N = 187) |
Comparison (N = 196) |
SMD | Intervention (N = 117) |
Comparison (N = 117) |
SMD | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 77.1 (5.1) | 75.6 (6.2) | 0.27 | 76.3 (4.9) | 76.3 (6.5) | 0.01 |
| Female, n (%) | 142 (75.9) | 134 (68.4) | 0.17 | 85 (72.6) | 90 (76.9) | −0.10 |
| Enrolled year, mean (SD) | ||||||
| 2014 | 33 (17.6) | 66 (33.7) | 0.39 | 23 (19.7) | 19 (16.2) | 0.10 |
| 2015 | 88 (47.1) | 66 (33.7) | 50 (42.7) | 50 (42.7) | ||
| 2016 | 66 (35.3) | 64 (32.7) | 44 (37.6) | 48 (41.0) | ||
| Medical aid, n (%) | 48 (25.7) | 30 (15.3) | 0.26 | 26 (22.2) | 22 (18.8) | 0.08 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 144 (77) | 175 (89.3) | −0.33 | 100 (85.5) | 98 (83.8) | 0.05 |
| ASM/height2, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 5.9 (1.1) | 6.2 (1.1) | −0.19 | 6.0 (1.1) | 6.0 (1.1) | 0.03 |
| Grip strength, kg, mean (SD) | 17.3 (7.1) | 20.2 (9.2) | −0.36 | 18.0 (7.5) | 17.3 (7.4) | 0.10 |
| No. chronic conditions, mean (SD) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.0) | 0.22 | 1.5 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.1) | 0.03 |
| Polypharmacy, n (%) | 58 (31.0) | 46 (23.5) | 0.17 | 34 (29.1) | 33 (28.2) | 0.02 |
| ADL or IADL disability, n (%) | 90 (48.1) | 78 (39.8) | 0.17 | 56 (47.9) | 60 (51.3) | −0.07 |
| Decreased food intake in the last 3 months, n (%) | 77 (41.2) | 58 (29.6) | 0.24 | 41 (35.0) | 42 (35.9) | 0.02 |
| CES-D score, mean (SD) | 9.5 (9.5) | 9.8 (9.9) | −0.03 | 10.2 (10.0) | 9.9 (9.5) | 0.03 |
| MMSE-DS < 24, n (%) | 78 (41.7) | 59 (30.7) | −0.03 | 45 (38.5) | 43 (37.1) | 0.03 |
| Emergency room visit or admission in the last year, n (%) | 36 (19.3) | 35 (17.9) | 0.04 | 22 (18.8) | 22 (18.8) | 0.00 |
| Fall in the last year, n (%) | 41 (21.9) | 27 (13.8) | 0.21 | 24 (20.5) | 23 (19.7) | 0.02 |
| SPPB total score, mean (SD) | 7.4 (2.7) | 8.4 (2.8) | −0.34 | 7.6 (2.6) | 7.6 (2.8) | 0.02 |
| Gait speed, m/s | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.3) | −0.38 | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | −0.05 |
| Chair stand, score | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.7 (1.3) | −0.15 | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.3) | 0.01 |
| Balance test, score | 2.4 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.3) | −0.25 | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.4) | 0.07 |
| Frailty phenotype, mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.2) | 0.37 | 2.2 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.1) | −0.04 |
| Frailty index, mean (SD) | 0.27 (0.10) | 0.23 (0.11) | 0.33 | 0.25 (0.09) | 0.26 (0.12) | −0.03 |
ADL, activities of daily living; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle; BMI, body mass index; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; MMSE-DS, Mini-Mental State Examination Dementia Screening.