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. 2021 Oct 28;12:770066. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770066

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Copyright © 2021 Hulme, Noye, Short and Labzin

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Obesity skews the balance between antiviral and pro-inflammatory responses. Initial blunted interferon responses to IAV in obese individuals results in increased viral spread and replication (245). This is accompanied by enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, driving immunopathology in the lung (193, 194). This imbalance may be partly driven by elevated levels of SOCS3 in obesity (193, 194). Delay of early viral clearance by T cells may result in further tissue damage due to excess CTL responses. Figure created with BioRender.com.