TABLE 4.

Association of promoter hypermethylation status of candidate genes with patient’s clinico-pathological features in EOC tissue samples. p-value: Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Abbreviation: Pos: biomarker panel positive for methylation; Neg: biomarker panel negative for methylation; NS: not significant. A positive biomarker panel is defined as when either or both gene promoter show methylation.

Tissue	No. of patients	HOXA9 a		HIC1 a		SOX1		RASSF1A		SFRP1		SPARC		DAPK1
Feature		M	U	M	U	M	U	M	U	M	U	M	U	M	U
Tumor	85	70	15	68	17	67	18	61	24	63	22	52	33	59	26
Healthy	35	5	30	8	27	7	28	10	25	10	25	11	24	10	25
P value		<0.0001***		<0.0001***		< 0.0001***		< 0.0001***		< 0.0001***		0.0046**		<0.0001***
Histology
Serous	74	61	13	58	16	58	16	53	21	53	21	47	27	51	23
Mucinous	6	5	1	6	0	5	1	5	1	6	0	5	1	4	2
Benign	5	4	1	4	1	4	1	3	2	4	1	0	5	4	1
P value		NS		NS		NS		NS		NS		0.0096**		NS
FIGO stage
I/II	20	16	4	14	6	14	6	14	6	14	6	11	9	14	6
III/IV	65	54	11	54	11	53	12	47	18	49	16	41	24	45	20
P value		NS		NS		NS		NS		NS		NS		NS
Age (Median =50)
≥ Median age	64	31	33	33	31	34	30	33	31	34	30	32	32	34	30
< Median age	56	44	12	43	13	41	15	38	18	39	17	31	25	35	21
P value		0.0007***		0.0047**		0.0253*		NS		NS		NS		NS
Menopausal status
Pre	53	41	12	40	13	40	13	36	17	38	15	29	24	35	18
Post	67	34	33	36	31	35	32	35	32	35	32	34	33	34	33
P value		0.0042**		0.0216*		0.0132*		NS		0.0385*		NS		NS

Tissue	No. of patients	HOXA9 + HIC1 a		HOXA9 + SOX1		HIC1+ SOX1		HOXA9+ RASSF1A		HIC1+ SFRP1		DAPK1+ SOX1
Feature		Pos	Neg	Pos	Neg	Pos	Neg	Pos	Neg	Pos	Neg	Pos	Neg
Tumor	85	75	10	73	12	71	14	65	20	67	18	62	23
Healthy	35	4	31	4	31	4	31	7	28	8	27	8	27
P value		<0.00001***		< 0.0001***		< 0.0001***		< 0.0001***		< 0.0001***		< 0.0001***
Histology
Serous	74	65	9	61	13	60	14	57	17	57	17	53	21
Mucinous	6	6	0	5	1	6	0	5	1	6	0	4	2
Benign	5	4	1	4	1	4	1	2	3	4	1	4	1
P value		NS		NS		NS		NS		NS		NS
FIGO stage
I/II	20	16	4	15	5	14	6	13	7	14	6	14	6
III/IV	65	59	6	55	10	56	9	51	14	53	12	47	18
P value		NS		NS		NS		NS		NS		NS
Age (Median =50)
≥ Median age	64	33	31	31	33	31	33	31	33	32	32	30	34
< Median age	56	48	8	43	13	43	13	39	17	43	13	37	19
P value		<0.0001***		0.0024**		0.0024**		0.0258*		0.0027**		0.0432*
Menopausal status
Pre	53	45	8	40	13	41	12	37	16	40	13	37	16
Post	67	36	31	34	33	33	34	33	34	35	32	30	37
P value		0.0004***		0.0079**		0.0023**		0.0265*		0.0132*		0.0093**

^aPromoter hypermethylation of DNA methylation markers-HOXA9 and HIC1 in singleplex and multiplex MethyLight assay analyzed in tissue samples has been previously published (Singh et al., 2020).