TABLE 5.
Association of promoter hypermethylation status of candidate genes with patient’s clinico-pathological features in EOC serum samples. p-value: Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Abbreviation: Pos: biomarker panel positive for methylation; Neg: biomarker panel negative for methylation; NS: not significant. A positive biomarker panel is defined as when either or both gene promoter show methylation.
| SerumFeatures | No. of patients | HOXA9 a | HIC1 a | SOX1 | HOXA9+HIC1 a | HIC1+SOX1 | SOX1+HOXA9 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | U | M | U | M | U | Pos | Neg | Pos | Neg | Pos | Neg | |||
| Tumor | 45 | 28 | 17 | 32 | 13 | 24 | 21 | 40 | 5 | 36 | 9 | 30 | 15 | |
| Healthy | 25 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 1 | 24 | 0 | 25 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 24 | |
| <0.0001*** | <0.0001*** | < 0.0001*** | <0.0001*** | < 0.0001*** | < 0.0001*** | |||||||||
| Histology | ||||||||||||||
| Serous | 40 | 26 | 14 | 28 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 33 | 7 | 31 | 9 | 25 | 15 | |
| Mucinous | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | |
| Benign | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| FIGO stage | ||||||||||||||
| I/II | 10 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 2 | |
| III/IV | 35 | 21 | 14 | 25 | 10 | 17 | 18 | 28 | 7 | 26 | 9 | 21 | 14 | |
| NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| Age (Median =50) | ||||||||||||||
| ≥ Median age | 38 | 9 | 29 | 10 | 28 | 11 | 27 | 12 | 26 | 13 | 25 | 10 | 28 | |
| < Median age | 32 | 19 | 13 | 22 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 26 | 6 | 20 | 12 | 20 | 12 | |
| 0.0033** | 0.0006*** | NS | <0.0001*** | 0.0299* | 0.0035** | |||||||||
| Menopausal status | ||||||||||||||
| Pre | 29 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 21 | 8 | 17 | 12 | 15 | 14 | |
| Post | 41 | 14 | 27 | 15 | 26 | 11 | 10 | 17 | 24 | 16 | 25 | 15 | 26 | |
| NS | NS | NS | 0.0149* | NS | NS | |||||||||
a
Promoter hypermethylation of DNA methylation markers-HOXA9 and HIC1 in singleplex and multiplex MethyLight assay analyzed in serum samples has been previously published (Singh et al., 2020).