Table 1.
Cationic arginine-rich peptides with modulatory effects on amyloid-beta aggregation.
| Peptide | Sequence (Net charge at pH 7) | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| R5 | RRRRR (+5.0) | Modulation of Aβ aggregation towards the formation of large, amorphous, non-toxic aggregates | Gibson and Murphy (2005) |
| KLVFF-R5 | KLVFFRRRRR (+6.0) | ||
| D3 | rprtrlhthrnr (+5.2) | Reduction of Aβ oligomers in vitro | van Groen et al. (2008) |
| RFRK | RFRK (+3.0) | Inhibition of Aβ aggregation in vitro | Kawasaki et al. (2011) |
| RRRL | RRRL (+3.0) | ||
| RRRA | RRRA (+3.0) | ||
| SRPGLRR | SRPGLRR (+3.0) | ||
| RR-AFC | RR-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (+3.0) | Inhibition of Aβ aggregation in vitro | Kawasaki and Kamijo (2012) |
| ZRR-SBzl | RR-thiobenzyl ester (+3.0) | ||
| RI-OR2-TAT | Ac-rGffvlkGrrrrqrrkkrGy-NH2 (+11.0) | Inhibition of Aβ aggregation in vitro,reduced cerebral Aβ load in vivo | Parthsarathy et al. (2013) |
| 15M S.A. | Ac-rklmqptrnrrnpnt-NH2 (+5.0) | Modulation of Aβ aggregation towards the formation of large, amorphous, non-toxic aggregates | Barr et al. (2016) |
| DB1 | rpitrlhtdrnr-NH2 (+4.1) | Inhibition of Aβ aggregation in vitro | Klein et al. (2017) |
| DB2 | rpittlqthqnr-NH2 (+3.1) | ||
| DB3 | rpitrlrthqnr-NH2 (+5.1) | ||
| DB4 | rprtrlrthqnr-NH2 (+6.1) | No effect on Aβ aggregation in vitro | |
| DB5 | rpitrlqtheqr-NH2 (+3.1) | Inhibition of Aβ aggregation in vitro | |
| DB3DB3 | rpitrlrthqnrrpitrlrthqnr-NH2 (+9.2) | ||
| RD2RD2 | ptlhthnrrrrrptlhthnrrrrr (+11.4) | Reduction of Aβ oligomers in vitro and in vivo | Kutzsche et al. (2017) |
| RD2D3 | ptlhthnrrrrrrprtrlhthrnr-NH2 (+11.4) | ||
| D3D3 | rprtrlhthrnrrprtrlhthrnr-NH2 (+11.4) | ||
| R8-Aβ25–35 | RRRRRRRR-GSNKGAIIGLM (+9.0) | Reduced cerebral Aβ load in vivo | Cheng et al. (2017) |
| R9 | RRRRRRRRR (+9.0) | Trend toward reduced Aβ oligomers in vivo | Fonar et al. (2018) |
| RD2 | ptlhthnrrrrr-NH2 (+6.2) | Reduction of Aβ oligomers in vitro and in vivo | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| NCAM1-PrP | MLRTKDLIWTLFFLGTAVS-KKRPKP-NH2 (+6.0) | Inhibition of Aβ aggregation in vitro | Henning-Knechtel et al. (2020) |
| NCAM1-Aβ | MLRTKDLIWTLFFLGTAVS-KKLVFF-NH2 (+4.0) |
Lowercase letters denote D-enantiomeric residues.