TABLE 3.
Participant characteristics and test scores of the HCHS sub-cohorts.
|
HCHS sub-cohorts
|
||||
| Variable |
Normal hearing (1263)
|
Hearing loss (453)
|
||
| No tinnitus (762) | Tinnitus (501) | No Tinnitus (213) | Tinnitus (240) | |
| Age, mean (SD) (range), y | 63.4 (2.7) (60–69) | 63.3 (2.7) (60–69) | 63.8 (2.8) (60–69) | 64.2 (3.0) (60–69) |
| Gender | ||||
| Females, No. (%) | 468 (61.4) | 364 (72.7) | 84 (39.4) | 120 (50.0) |
| Males, No. (%) | 294 (38.6) | 137 (27.3) | 129 (60.6) | 120 (50.0) |
| Educational level, No. (%) | ||||
| Less than ninth grade | 262 (34.4) | 191 (38.1) | 86 (40.4) | 106 (44.2) |
| High school (HS) | 210 (27.6) | 139 (27.7) | 72 (33.8) | 83 (34.6) |
| HS graduate- some college | 177 (23.2) | 123 (24.6) | 38 (17.8) | 47 (19.6) |
| College degree or higher | 113 (14.8) | 48 (9.6) | 17 (8.0) | 4 (1.7) |
| Physical well-being score, mean (SD) (range) | 1.7 (1.2) (0–5) | 1.7 (1.2) (0–5) | 1.8 (1.1) (0–5) | 2.0 (1.1) (0–4) |
| PTAa, mean (SD) (range), dB HL | 15.5 (5.4) (0–25) | 16.3 (5.4) (0–25) | 34.1 (9.4) (26.3–83.8) | 37.3 (12.7) (26.3–100) |
| Hearing aids, No. (%) | N/A | N/A | 11 (5.2) | 20 (8.4) |
| DSST score, mean (SD) (range), z-score | 0.1 (1.0) (−2.4–3.4) | 0.0 (1.0) (−2.4–3.2) | −0.1 (1.0) (−2.1–2.9) | −0.2 (0.9) (−2.3–2.9) |
| CERAD learning score, mean (SD) (range), z-score | 0.1 (1.0) (−2.9–3.3) | 0.1 (1.0) (−2.7–2.9) | −0.2 (1.0) (−2.5–2.5) | −0.2 (1.0) (−3.5–2.7) |
| CERAD recall score, mean (SD) (range), z-score | 0.1 (0.9) (−2.7–2.6) | 0.1 (1.0) (−2.7–2.3) | −0.1 (1.0) (−2.7–2.3) | −0.3 (1.0) (−2.7–2.3) |
| Animal fluency Test score, mean (SD) (range), z-score | 0.1 (1.1) (−2.6–4.4) | 0.0 (1.0) (−2.4–3.2) | −0.1 (1.0) (−2.3–2.7) | −0.1(0.9) (−2.4–2.7) |
| Cognitive performance, mean (SD) (range), z-score | 0.1 (0.8) (−2.4–2.5) | 0.1 (0.7) (−2.1–1.9) | −0.1 (0.7) (−2.2–2.0) | −0.2 (0.7) (−2.1–2.3) |
aPure-tone average threshold of four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 KHz) in the better hearing ear.