TABLE 2.
Comparison of methods for diagnosis of respiratory C. pneumoniae infection
| Reference | Samplea | No. of samples | Subject age range (yr) | No. (%) of samples positive by the following detection test:
|
Confirmation by MIF-serology (no. of samples positive/total no. of samples tested [%]) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCR | Culture | EIA | DFA | |||||
| 6 | Np, Th | 58 | NSb | 10 (17) | 8 (14) | NDc | ND | 6/9 (67) |
| 10 | Np, Th, Sp | 116 | 3–79 | 30 (26) | 23 (20) | 26 (22) | ND | 26/27 (96) |
| 16 | Npa | 108 | 9–11 | 43 (45) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 17 | Ba | 104 | NS | 15 (14) | 4 (4) | ND | ND | ND |
| 22 | Ba | 108 | NS | 12 (11) | 0 (0) | ND | ND | 4/8 (50) |
| 23 | Np | 136 | NS | 27 (20) | 31 (23) | ND | 6/12d | 7/23 (30)e |
| 24 | Ba | 385 | NS | 13 (3) | 3 (1) | ND | ND | 3/13 (23) |
| 26 | Th | 54 | NS | 8 (15) | 7 (13) | ND | ND | 9/9 (100) |
| 28 | Npa | 1,118 | NS | 1 (0.1) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 32 | Np | 104 | 21–53 | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | ND | 1/1 | 0/2 (0) |
| 36f | Th | 368 | NS | 15 (4) | 1 (0.3) | ND | ND | ND |
| 42 | Npa | 152 | 0–2 | 2 (1) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 59f | Urs, Npa, Ba | 135 | NS | 19 (14) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 69 | Npa, Ba | 68 | 32–90 | 4 (6) | ND | ND | ND | 3/4 (75)g |
| 70 | Np | 237 | NS | 21 (9) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 71f | Gw | 193 | 5–16 | 3 (2) | ND | 0 (0) | ND | ND |
| 85 | Sp | 26 | <65 | 10 (38) | 1/10 | 9/10 | 10/10 | 7/10 (70) |
| 86 | Npa | 71 | NS | 2 (3) | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 87 | Np, Th, Sp | 156 | 20–93 | 31 (20) | 1 (0.6) | ND | ND | 7/31 (23) |
a
Np, nasopharyngeal swab; Th, throat swab; Sp, sputum; Npa, nasopharyngeal aspirate; Ba, BAL specimen or bronchial aspirate; Urs, upper respiratory samples; Gw, gargled water.
b
NS, not stated.
c
ND, not done.
d
Results are number of samples positive/number of samples tested.
e
Only a single serum was available.
f
Confirmation was performed by an alternative PCR method.
g
Immunoglobulin A titer, ≥1/32.