Table 1.
Characteristics of participants from Memphis and New Orleans (N=2004; weighted estimates)a
| N (%) or mean (SD) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N=2004) |
Memphis (n=1001) |
New Orleans (n=1003) |
p b | |
| Racec | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Whites | 1029 (52%) | 489 (25%) | 539 (27%) | .31 |
| Non-Hispanic Blacks | 805 (40%) | 422 (21%) | 383 (19%) | |
| Other minorities | 162 (8%) | 88 (4%) | 74 (4%) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Males | 792 (48%) | 421 (24%) | 371 (24%) | .67 |
| Females | 1212 (52%) | 580 (26%) | 632 (27%) | |
| Age | 42 (SD=15) | 41 (SD=15) | 42 (SD=15) | .25 |
| Education | ||||
| No high school degree | 342 (17%) | 127 (6%) | 215 (11%) | <.01 |
| High school graduate or equivalent | 607 (31%) | 332 (17%) | 276 (14%) | |
| Some post-high school education | 632 (32%) | 333 (17%) | 299 (15%) | |
| College graduate | 410 (21%) | 202 (10%) | 208 (10%) | |
| Household income | ||||
| > $20,000 | 353 (18%) | 165 (8%) | 188 (9%) | <.01 |
| $20,000–$40,000 | 500 (25%) | 267 (13%) | 234 (12%) | |
| $40,000–$80,000 | 454 (23%) | 188 (9%) | 266 (13%) | |
| > $80,000 | 383 (19%) | 205 (10%) | 177 (9%) | |
| Refused to answer | 314 (16%) | 176 (9%) | 138 (7%) | |
| Disaster-related stressorsd | ||||
| None | 388 (39%) | - | 388 (39%) | - |
| One event | 229 (23%) | - | 229 (23%) | |
| Two events | 194 (19%) | - | 194 (19%) | |
| Three or more events | 192 (19%) | - | 192 (19%) | |
| Perceived social support before Hurricane Katrinae | 2.42 (SD=0.78) | 2.37 (SD=0.82) | 2.47 (SD=0.75) | <.01 |
| Days spent with poor mental health before Hurricane Katrinaf | 4 (SD=9) | 5 (SD=10) | 3 (SD=8) | <.01 |
| Depressive symptomsg | 13.79 (SD=12.31) | 11.88 (SD=11.13) | 15.70 (SD=13.11) | <.01 |
| Posttraumatic stress symptomsh | 1.59 (SD=2.24) | 1.43 (SD=2.19) | 1.76 (SD=2.28) | <.01 |
| Smoking status before Hurricane Katrina | ||||
| Former | 675 (34%) | 322 (16%) | 353 (18%) | .49 |
| Occasional | 268 (13%) | 143 (7%) | 125 (6%) | |
| Daily | 1053 (53%) | 530 (27%) | 523 (26%) | |
| Smoking relapse after Hurricane Katrinai | ||||
| No | 1903 (95%) | 965 (58%) | 938 (47%) | .04 |
| Yes | 101 (5%) | 36 (2%) | 65 (3%) | |
Memphis and New Orleans samples were weighted to match the demographics from the 2000 U.S. Census. Weighted frequencies were rounded to the nearest whole number. Percentages were rounded to the nearest whole number and means and standard deviations to the nearest hundredth. Missing data was less than 5% for all characteristics and accounted for some group totals and percentages not matching the expected value.
P-values were derived from Rao-Scott Chi-Squared tests for frequencies and independent-t-tests for means and standard deviations. All p-values were rounded to the nearest hundredth.
Hispanics or Latinos, Asians, and participants of other racial backgrounds were designated as “Other minorities.”
The hurricane exposure checklist was only given to participants who lived in New Orleans.
Higher scores indicated more perceived social support; minimum and maximum scores are 0 and 3, respectively.
Higher scores indicated more days spent with poor mental health; minimum and maximum scores are 0 and 30, respectively.
Higher scores indicated more depressive symptoms; minimum and maximum scores are 0 and 60, respectively.
Higher scores indicated more posttraumatic stress symptoms; minimum and maximum scores are 0 and 7, respectively.
Smoking relapse was defined as former smokers before or nine months after Hurricane Katrina who were now smoking daily or occasionally nine or eighteen months after Hurricane Katrina, respectively.