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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 11.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Nov 16;195:178–185. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.025

Table 3.

Weighted least squares means and variance adjusted estimates for a recursive model of disaster-related stressors and smoking relapse (N=979)†

Parameters Unstandardized SE p
Direct effects
Disaster-related stressors → Depressive symptoms
 No events REF
 One event 3.21 1.22 .01
 Two events 1.61 1.41 .25
 Three or more events 6.77 1.36 <.01
Number of days spent with poor mental health → Depressive symptoms 0.43 0.06 <.01
Perceived social support → Depressive symptoms −2.43 0.65 <.01
Education → Depressive symptoms
 No high school degree REF
 High school graduate or equivalent 1.18 1.32 .37
 Some post-high school education 0.36 1.46 .81
 College graduate 2.04 1.62 .21
Household income → Depressive symptoms
 > $80,000 REF
 $40,000–$80,000 0.47 1.49 .76
 $20,000–$40,000 3.35 1.54 .03
 > $20,000 6.17 1.71 <.01
 Refused to answer 0.16 1.83 .93
Disaster-related stressors x Perceived social support → Depressive symptoms −2.93 1.39 .04
Disaster-related stressors → Posttraumatic stress symptoms
 No events REF
 One event 0.34 0.23 .15
 Two events 0.54 0.25 .03
 Three or more events 1.16 0.25 <.01
Number of days spent with poor mental health → Posttraumatic stress symptoms 0.07 0.01 <.01
Perceived social support → Posttraumatic stress symptoms <−0.01 0.12 .97
Education → Posttraumatic stress symptoms
 No high school degree REF
 High school graduate or equivalent 0.18 0.23 .45
 Some post-high school education −0.63 0.25 .01
 College graduate −0.17 0.32 .59
Household income → Posttraumatic stress symptoms
 > $80,000 REF
 $40,000–$80,000 −0.14 0.26 .58
 $20,000–$40,000 0.07 0.27 .80
 > $20,000 0.24 0.30 .43
 Refused to answer −1.02 0.36 .01
Disaster-related stressors x Perceived social support → Posttraumatic stress symptoms −1.01 .27 <.01
Disaster-related stressors → Smoking relapse
 No events REF
 One event 0.37 0.23 .11
 Two events 0.58 0.25 .02
 Three or more events 0.37 0.26 .15
Depressive symptoms → Smoking relapse 0.01 0.01 .01
Posttraumatic stress symptoms → Smoking relapse 0.07 0.03 .03
Number of days spent with poor mental health → Smoking relapse −0.02 0.01 .15
Perceived social support → Smoking relapse 0.09 0.01 .61
Education → Smoking relapse
 No high school degree REF
 High school graduate or equivalent 0.11 0.24 .64
 Some post-high school education −0.01 0.24 .98
 College graduate −0.80 0.46 .08
Household income → Smoking relapse
 > $80,000 REF
 $40,000–$80,000 −0.35 0.25 .16
 $20,000–$40,000 0.01 0.27 .97
 > $20,000 −0.71 0.32 .03
 Refused to answer −0.18 0.38 .63
Moderated effects b
Disaster-related stressors x Perceived social support → Depressive symptoms
 No events REF
 One event at 1SD below the average perceived social support 5.38 1.55 <.01
 One event at 1SD above the average perceived social support 1.04 1.65 .53
Disaster-related stressors x Perceived social support → Posttraumatic stress symptoms
 No events REF
 One event at 1SD below the average perceived social support 1.08 0.30 <.01
 One event at 1SD above the average perceived social support −0.41 0.31 .19
Indirect Effects
Disaster-related stressors → Depressive symptoms → Smoking relapse
 No events REF
 One events 0.04 0.02 .08
 Two events 0.02 0.02 .29
 Three or more events 0.08 0.03 .02
Disaster-related stressors → Posttraumatic stress symptoms → Smoking relapse
 No events REF
 One event 0.02 0.02 .26
 Two events 0.04 0.02 .13
 Three or more events 0.08 0.04 .04
Conditional Indirect Effects
Disaster-related stressors x Perceived social support → Depressive symptoms → Smoking relapse
 No events REF
 One event at 1SD below the average perceive social support 0.06 0.03 .04
 One event at 1SD above the average perceive social support 0.01 0.02 .55
Disaster-related stressors x Perceived social support → Posttraumatic stress symptoms → Smoking relapse
 No events REF
 One event at 1SD below the average perceive social support 0.07 0.04 .07
 One event at 1SD above the average perceive social support −0.03 0.02 .22
Disturbance variances and covariances
Depressive symptoms 131.04 8.93 <.01
Posttraumatic stress 4.38 0.37 <.01
Depression symptoms Inline graphicPosttraumatic stress symptoms 7.52 1.03 <.01
R2
Depressive symptoms 0.24 0.03 <.01
Posttraumatic stress symptoms 0.16 0.03 <.01
Smoking relapse 0.26 0.09 <.01
a

24 cases were removed from the analyses (2% missing from analyses).

b

Moderated effects were tested using simple slope analyses.

†

The model had acceptable fit according to chi-square test of model fit (DF=1, XM2= 1.90, p=.17), RMSEA (ε=0.03 [90% CI=0.00, 0.10]), CFI (1.00), and WRMR (0.20).