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. 2021 Mar 20;117:103743. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103743

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and error metrics for different data groups estimated with (Est.+) and without (Est.) mobile data usage for year 2020.

Group Mean Std. Error Median Mode StDev Kurtosis Skewness Range Min Max Sum CC MAE
All Real 315.52 2.98 312 317 45.42 −0.14 0.48 217 217 434 73,200
Est. 370.99 1.98 366 337 30.09 −0.63 0.57 126 328 454 86,069 0.770 0.191
Est.+ 315.84 2.81 304 312 42.81 −0.45 0.65 182 255 437 73,276 0.910 0.047



Children Real 17.17 0.42 16 15 6.37 0.94 0.84 39 5 44 3,984
Est. 24.71 0.21 24 24 3.20 0.38 0.82 16 19 35 5,733 0.003 0.698
Est.+ 17.66 0.36 16 13 5.49 0.43 0.94 27 8 35 4,097 0.905 0.140



Adult Real 120.56 1.19 120 121 18.12 0.52 0.46 110 76 186 27,970
Est. 138.18 0.98 132 127 14.87 4.76 2.08 79 125 204 32,057 0.429 0.187
Est.+ 120.59 0.98 120 117 14.97 0.38 0.54 76 95 171 27,976 0.844 0.066



Elderly Real 177.72 1.99 171 166 30.29 0.53 0.85 172 114 286 41,232
Est. 199.33 1.62 190 180 24.65 −1.01 0.61 82 163 245 46,244 0.774 0.148
Est.+ 182.11 1.78 177 181 27.18 0.51 0.76 143 135 278 42,250 0.895 0.065



Outdoor Real 49.46 0.81 49 60 12.30 0.48 0.33 71 21 92 11,474
Est. 55.15 0.49 54 51 7.53 0.51 0.54 43 34 77 12,794 0.446 0.244
Est.+ 50.66 0.64 50 49 9.77 1.06 0.45 62 29 91 11,754 0.812 0.126



Indoor Real 266.06 2.65 261 265 40.38 −0.02 0.61 191 185 376 61,726
Est. 307.67 1.68 302 285 25.65 −0.34 0.74 119 271 390 71,380 0.796 0.175
Est.+ 271.90 2.41 265 251 36.64 −0.06 0.69 186 205 391 63,081 0.918 0.052