TABLE 1.

The key inflamma-miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.

miRNAs	Model/cell type	Expression	Pathological roles	References
miR-125b	Hippocampal and cortical neurons of rat/neuroblastoma Neuro2a APPSwe/Δ9 cells	Up-regulated	Increases the activities of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, acts as a pro-inflammatory factor to promote AD onset	Banzhaf-Strathmann et al., 2014; Jin et al., 2018
miR-29a	PBMCs in AD patients	Up-regulated	Inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway	Sedighi et al., 2019
miR-126-3p	Cortical or hippocampal neurons from rat embryos	Up-regulated	Interferes with the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1 by downregulating the expression of PI3K and ERK pathway	Kim W. et al., 2016
miR-146a	Temporal cortex of AD patients/human THP-1 cells	Up-regulated	Involves in the negative feedback regulation of NF-κB activation; attenuates astrocytic inflammation; induces TLR tolerance in macrophages	Sethi and Lukiw, 2009; Nahid et al., 2011; Alexandrov et al., 2014
miR-155	3xTg AD mice	Up-regulated	Promotes microglia and astrocyte activation, increases production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and IFN-β	Liu D. et al., 2019; Teter et al., 2019
Let-7	C57Bl/6J mice	Up-regulated	Acts both as extracellular signaling molecules and as ligands for TLR7 in microglia and neurons	Lehmann et al., 2012
miR-181	3xTg-AD mice	Up-regulated	Regulates the expression of Fos and SIRT-1	Rodriguez-Ortiz et al., 2014

AD, Alzheimer’s disease; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell.