Table 3. Logistic Regression Estimation of Maternal-Clinician Ethnic Concordance on Family-Centered Care Componentsa.
| Characteristic | Family-centered care, aOR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinician listened carefully to parent | Clinician explained things in a way the parent could understand | Clinician showed respect for what the parent had to say | Clinician spent enough time with patient | |
| Predisposing factors | ||||
| Maternal-clinician ethnic concordance | ||||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 1.71 (1.08-2.69)b | 1.75 (1.07-2.10)b | 1.98 (1.20-2.56)b | 1.45 (1.12-1.88)b |
| Maternal language | ||||
| English/English and Spanish | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Spanish/other | 0.83 (0.45-1.52) | 0.80 (0.47-1.36) | 0.66 (0.40-1.09) | 0.73 (0.43-1.25) |
| Clinician sex | ||||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Female | 1.36 (0.98-2.09) | 1.21 (0.88-1.65) | 1.19 (0.86-1.66) | 1.07 (0.83-1.39) |
| Maternal marital status | ||||
| Married | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Divorced/separated | 1.07 (0.60-1.89) | 1.00 (0.67-1.50) | 0.73 (0.46-1.17) | 1.02 (0.72-1.45) |
| Never married | 1.31 (0.82-2.09) | 1.16 (0.80-1.68) | 1.03 (0.71-1.47) | 1.12 (0.80-1.56) |
| Youth age, y | ||||
| 0-4 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 5-9 | 0.93 (0.59-1.47) | 0.84 (0.64-1.10) | 0.95 (0.66-1.38) | 0.90 (0.67-1.20) |
| 10-13 | 0.96 (0.61-1.54) | 0.88 (0.64-1.22) | 0.98 (0.64-1.49) | 0.86 (0.62-1.80) |
| 14-17 | 0.74 (0.42-1.29) | 0.61 (0.40-0.91)c | 0.76 (0.47-1.23) | 0.85 (0.57-1.25) |
| Youth sex | ||||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Female | 1.09 (0.76-1.57) | 1.19 (0.92-1.52) | 1.19 (0.88-1.62) | 0.97 (0.75-1.26) |
| Maternal age, y | ||||
| 18-29 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 30-39 | 1.65 (0.98-2.77) | 1.28 (0.84-1.94) | 1.11 (0.76-1.62) | 1.45 (0.99-2.12) |
| 40-49 | 1.12 (0.64-1.95) | 1.28 (0.80-2.03) | 1.02 (0.65-1.59) | 1.38 (0.91-2.10) |
| 50-64 | 2.62 (0.79-4.98) | 1.83 (0.76-4.46) | 1.71 (0.70-4.22) | 1.97 (1.02-3.80)c |
| Mother born in the US | ||||
| Yes | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| No | 1.56 (0.92-2.65) | 1.27 (0.85-1.91) | 1.44 (0.94-2.20) | 1.04 (0.71-1.52) |
| US Census region | ||||
| Northeast | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| North Central/Midwest | 3.14 (1.36-6.27)b | 2.87 (1.56-5.30)d | 1.91 (1.04-3.51)c | 1.78 (1.06-3.03)c |
| South | 2.36 (1.08-4.15)c | 2.11 (1.24-3.60)b | 1.66 (0.93-2.99) | 1.69 (1.09-2.62)c |
| West | 1.55 (0.78-3.10) | 1.59 (0.99-2.54) | 1.30 (0.79-2.14) | 1.20 (0.83-1.75) |
| Enabling factors | ||||
| Youth insurance coverage | ||||
| Private | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Public | 0.54 (0.30-0.97)c | 0.64 (0.42-0.96)c | 0.66 (0.39-1.11) | 0.90 (0.59-1.40) |
| Uninsured | 0.50 (0.18-1.38) | 1.03 (0.48-2.20) | 0.67 (0.27-1.65) | 0.68 (0.33-1.41) |
| Maternal insurance coverage | ||||
| Private | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Public | 1.57 (0.74-3.33) | 1.27 (0.72-2.22) | 1.19 (0.68-2.10) | 1.55 (0.97-2.48) |
| Uninsured | 1.05 (0.55-2.01) | 0.95 (0.61-1.49) | 1.08 (0.63-1.83) | 1.02 (0.67-1.55) |
| Income (% FPL) | ||||
| ≥400% | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 300%-399% | 1.33 (0.26-3.72) | 1.25 (0.42-3.73) | 0.95 (0.26-3.48) | 1.51 (0.59-3.85) |
| 200%-299% | 0.83 (0.27-2.51) | 0.97 (0.43-2.18) | 0.83 (0.27-2.49) | 0.84 (0.40-1.76) |
| 100%-199% | 0.73 (0.25-2.51) | 1.08 (0.48-2.43) | 0.79 (0.28-2.22) | 0.65 (0.31-1.34) |
| ≤99% | 0.48 (0.17-1.41) | 0.89 (0.40-1.97) | 0.60 (0.21-1.73) | 0.48 (0.22-1.03) |
| Contextual characteristic | ||||
| Year | ||||
| 2010-2012 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2013-2015 | 2.77 (1.70-4.50)d | 2.32 (0.99-3.12) | 1.76 (1.05-2.97)c | 1.47 (0.88-2.47) |
| 2016-2017 | 1.71 (0.98-2.98) | 1.89 (0.89-2.65) | 1.30 (0.68-2.48) | 1.52 (0.84-2.79) |
Abbreviation: aOR, adjusted odds ratio.
a
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.29
b
P < .01.
c
P < .05.
d
P < .001.