TABLE 1.
Stimulus/responsea | Plant species | Modulation of RCS | References | ||
Methodb | RCS level changesc | Physiological outcome | |||
Drought stress/leaf damage | Nicotiana tabacum | OE of AKR | Suppression of increase in MDA (as TBARS) | Suppression of damage | Oberschall et al., 2000 |
Cd stress, chilling stress/leaf damage | N. tabacum | OE of AKR | Suppression of increase in MDA (as TBARS) | Suppression of damage | Hegedüs et al., 2004 |
Heat stress, MV/leaf damage | N. tabacum | OE of AKR | Suppression of increase in MDA (as TBARS) | Suppression of damage | Turóczy et al., 2011 |
Heavy metal stress (Cu, Cd), H2O2 stress/damage | Arabidopsis thaliana | OE of ALDH | Suppression of increase in MDA (as TBARS) | Suppression of damage | Sunkar et al., 2003 |
NaCl stress/damage | A. thaliana | KO of ALDH3 | Enhanced increase in MDA (as TBARS) | Enhancement of damage | Kotchoni et al., 2006 |
Strong light/leaf damage | N. tabacum | OE of AER | Suppression of increase in acrolein and (E)-2-hexenal | Suppression of photoinhibition | Mano et al., 2010 |
AlCl3stress/root damage | N. tabacum | OE of AER | Suppression of increase in acrolein, (E)-2-hexenal, HNE and HHE | Suppression of damage | Yin et al., 2010 |
MV/leaf damage | A. thaliana | KO of AOR | Enhanced increase in acrolein | Enhancement of damage | Yamauchi et al., 2012 |
Heat stress/leaf damage | Cyclamen persicum | KD of CpFAD7 | Suppression of increases in acrolein, (E)-2-hexenal and MVK | Suppression of leaf injury | Kai et al., 2012 |
H2O2/PCD of cultured cells | N. tabacum | carnosine added | Suppression of increases in acrolein and HNE | Suppression of PCD initiation | Biswas and Mano, 2015 |
Darkness/senescence of siliques | A. thaliana | KO of AAO4 | Increases in acrolein and MDA | Senescence facilitated | Srivastava et al., 2017 |
ABA/stomata closure | N. tabacum | OE of AER | Suppression of increases in acrolein, (E)-2-hexenal, HNE and HHE | Inhibition of stomata closure | Islam et al., 2016 |
MeJA/stomata closure | N. tabacum | OE of AER | Suppression of increases in acrolein, HNE, HHE and (E)-2-heptenal | Inhibition of stomata closure | Islam et al., 2020 |
Auxin/LR formation | A. thaliana | carnosine added | Suppression of increases in acrolein, crotonaldehyde and HNE | Inhibition of LR formation | Biswas et al., 2019 |
a ABA, abscisic acid; LR, lateral root; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; MV, methylviologen; PCD, programmed cell death.
b AAO4, Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 4; AER, 2-alkenal reductase; AKR, aldo-keto reductase; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; AOR, alkenal/one oxidoreductase; CpFAD, chloroplastic fatty acid desaturate; KD, knock-down; KO, knock-out; OE, overexpression.
c HHE, 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-hexenal; HNE, 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-hexenal; MDA, malondialdehyde; MVK, methylvinyl ketone, TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances.