Figure 6.

Hippo signaling pathway. The Hippo/YAP pathway was mainly mediated by the phosphorylation levels of multiple key proteins. As shown in the figure above, when the Hippo pathway is “OFF”, the translocation of non-phosphorylated YAP binds to the transcription factor TEADs1-4 to form a transcription complex, which activates the target genes including Pik3cb, promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. When the Hippo pathway is “ON”, MST1/2 (mammalian sterile20-like kinase 1/2) is initially phosphorylated, which activates LATS1/2 and MOB1 (mps one binder kinaseactivator-like1), and further promotes YAP phosphorylation. Finally, the phosphorylated YAP is modified by ubiquitination and degraded in the cytoplasms.