Table 5.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of predictors of overweight/obesity in participants by sexa,b
| Variables | Model D: n = 2549 Male OR (95% CI) |
Model E: n = 2748 Female OR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Educational stage | Primary school | Reference | Reference |
| Middle school | 0.605 (0.391–0.935)* | 2.627 (1.539–4.486)*** | |
| High school | 1.033 (0.502–2.124) | 5.482 (2.158–13.926)*** | |
| Age | 0.942 (0.840–1.057) | 0.751 (0.649–0.870)*** | |
| Indoor PA time (m/day)† | < 30 | Reference | Reference |
| 30–60 | 1.033 (0.845–1.262) | 1.014 (0.809–1.271) | |
| > 60 | 0.933 (0.735–1.184) | 0.993 (0.727–1.357) | |
| Outdoor PA time (m/day) | < 30 | Reference | Reference |
| 30–60 | 0.971 (0.781–1.207) | 0.983 (0.770–1.257) | |
| > 60 | 0.967 (0.765–1.223) | 0.891 (0.674–1.179) | |
| Academic stressb | 1.026 (0.945–1.114) | 1.013 (0.906–1.133) | |
| Mental healthc | Poor | Reference | Reference |
| Good | 0.933 (0.762–1.142) | 1.082 (0.848–1.381) | |
| Non-smartphone screen time (h/day) | 1.007 (0.967–1.049) | 1.041 (0.976–1.110) | |
| PSU for social network (out of 30 points)‡,d | 0.997 (0.977–1.017) | 0.980 (0.953–1.006) | |
| PSU for entertainment (out of 20 points) | 1.020 (0.998–1.042) | 1.046 (1.018–1.075)** | |
| PSU for information collection (out of 15 points) | 0.999 (0.972–1.026) | 1.005 (0.970–1.042) |
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001
† PA Physical activity. ‡ PSU: Problematic smartphone use
a Participants with non-zero smartphone screen time were recruited
b Measured on a five-point scale with one question: “Would you say that your study pressure is very much, much, moderate, a little, or none?”
c Measured on the Chinese version of the World Health Organization’s Five-item Well-being Index (WHO-5)
d Dimensions of problematic smartphone use (social network, entertainment, and information collection) were measured on the Revised Problematic Smartphone Use Classification Scale