Table 4. Comparison of Optimization Results of Case 2.

source	method	TAC/$·year–1	units
Fieg et al.21a	hybrid GA	1.5109 × 106	15
Peng and Cui25	SA/SA	1.5272 × 106	19
Pavão et al.9	SA/PSO	1.5254 × 106	19
Chang et al.4a	MSTR	1.5010 × 106	15
this work	CLPSO	1.5254 × 106	19

^aHENs with split.