Table 6. Comparison of Optimization Results of Case 3.

source	method	TAC/$·year–1	units
existing plant		8.856 × 106	18
Khorasany and Fesanghary23a	HS/SQP	7.436 × 106	18
Zhaoyi et al.24	GA/PSO	7.386 × 106	17
Zhaoyi et al.24a	GA/PSO	7.361 × 106	16
Pavão et al.9	SA/PSO	7.301 × 106	17
Chang et al.4a	MSTR	7.030 × 106	17
this work	CLPSO	7.276 × 106	19

^aHENs with splits.