Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics according to quartile of diet quality scores in the Women’s Health Initiative (n = 138 506)
| Variables | aMED | AHEI-2010 | DASH | HEI-2015 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | |
| Age, y | 63.0 ± 7.3 | 63.6 ± 7.2 | 62.5 ± 7.2 | 63.8 ± 7.2 | 61.8 ± 7.1 | 64.2 ± 7.3 | 62.2 ± 7.2 | 64.5 ± 7.2 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||||
| White | 78.2 | 87.2 | 77.5 | 87.5 | 70.7 | 90.1 | 78.0 | 87.0 |
| Black/African-American | 11.1 | 6.6 | 14.0 | 4.8 | 17.4 | 4.2 | 11.8 | 6.5 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 6.3 | 2.0 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 6.8 | 2.0 | 5.7 | 2.4 |
| Other/unknown | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 4.1 |
| College degree or above, % | 26.5 | 52.1 | 27.2 | 53.7 | 25.7 | 52.2 | 29.5 | 49.2 |
| Family income ≥$50 000/y, % | 32.3 | 47.4 | 30.4 | 50.9 | 32.1 | 45.7 | 33.6 | 45.5 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||||
| Never | 51.1 | 51.1 | 53.5 | 47.4 | 49.9 | 51.8 | 48.3 | 53.0 |
| Former | 37.7 | 45.1 | 35.8 | 48.9 | 36.7 | 45.1 | 39.6 | 43.7 |
| Current | 11.2 | 3.8 | 10.7 | 3.7 | 13.5 | 3.1 | 12.1 | 3.3 |
| Alcohol consumption, % | ||||||||
| 0 g/d | 7.4 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 4.4 | 9.8 | 4.2 | 10.3 |
| >0 – <5 g/d | 77.4 | 53.0 | 81.2 | 47.6 | 73.0 | 59.8 | 74.3 | 57.0 |
| 5 – <15 g/d | 4.8 | 30.2 | 4.9 | 30.1 | 13.3 | 18.7 | 13.5 | 19.1 |
| 15 – <25 g/d | 5.4 | 6.8 | 1.6 | 11.8 | 4.7 | 7.3 | 4.5 | 8.1 |
| ≥25 g/d | 5.0 | 4.3 | 6.7 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 5.5 |
| Recreational PA, MET-h/wk | 9.0 ± 11.7 | 16.1 ± 14.8 | 8.3 ± 11.0 | 17.6 ± 15.7 | 7.8 ± 10.7 | 17.1 ± 15.4 | 8.5 ± 11.4 | 16.7 ± 15.1 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.7 ± 6.2 | 26.8 ± 5.5 | 29.4 ± 6.4 | 26.3 ± 5.2 | 29.4 ± 6.4 | 26.5 ± 5.3 | 29.5 ± 6.5 | 26.2 ± 5.2 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/d | 1282 ± 598 | 1879 ± 744 | 1718 ± 740 | 1590 ± 642 | 1591 ± 752 | 1649 ± 628 | 1858 ± 937 | 1429 ± 503 |
| Hypertension, % | 41.4 | 35.9 | 43.7 | 33.4 | 42.8 | 35.2 | 40.9 | 37.0 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 13.6 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 12.5 | 16.5 |
| Diabetes, % | 6.2 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 5.3 |
| CHD or stroke, % | 4.7 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.4 |
| Study group, % | ||||||||
| WHI OS | 61.3 | 70.9 | 57.8 | 74.5 | 55.0 | 76.5 | 54.5 | 78.3 |
| WHI CT-control arms | 20.9 | 15.8 | 23.0 | 13.8 | 24.7 | 12.0 | 25.7 | 10.6 |
| WHI CT-active arms | 17.8 | 13.3 | 19.2 | 11.7 | 20.3 | 11.5 | 19.8 | 11.1 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or % unless otherwise indicated. AHEI indicates alternate Healthy Eating Index; aMED, alternate Mediterranean diet; CHD, coronary heart disease; CT, clinical trials; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; MET, metabolic equivalent; OS, observational study; PA, physical activity; and Q, quartile.