Table 1.
Peripheral blood endocannabinoids in psychotic disorders.
| Condition & treatment | n (cases/controls) | Type | AEA | PEA | OEA | 2-AG | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Untreated | |||||||
| First-episode psychosis | 47/84 | serum | n.s. | - | - | - | Giuffrida et al., 2004 |
| First-episode psychosis | 28/81 | serum | n.s. | - | - | - | Reuter et al., 2017 |
| Schizophrenia | 115/88 | serum | ↑ | - | ↑ | - | Wang et al., 2018 |
| Schizophrenia | 12/20 | whole blood | ↑ | - | - | - | De Marchi et al., 2003 |
| Treated | |||||||
| Schizophrenia | 115/88 | serum | n.s. | - | ↑ | - | Wang et al., 2018 |
| Schizophrenia | 25/16 | plasma | ↑ | ↑ | n.s. | n.s. | Koethe et al., 2019 |
| Schizophrenia | 12/20 | whole blood | n.s. | - | - | - | De Marchi et al., 2003 |
| Schizophrenia | 25/27 | plasma | n.s. | - | n.s. | - | Desfossés et al., 2012 |
| Schizophrenia with substance use disorder | 29/17 | plasma | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | n.s. | Potvin et al., 2008 |
| Psychosis Risk | |||||||
| Unaffected twin of Schizophrenia | 25/16 | plasma | ↑ | ↑ | n.s. | n.s. | Koethe et al., 2019 |
| Clinical high risk | 33/58 | plasma | ↑ | n.s. | n.s. | ↑ | Appiah-Kusi et al., 2019 |
| Psychosis risk | 27/81 | serum | n.s. | - | n.s. | - | Koethe et al., 2009 |
↑: higher; ↓: lower; n.s.: no significant difference from healthy controls; -: no available data;
AEA: anandamide; PEA: N-palmitoylethanolamide; OEA: N-olcoylethanolamide; 2-AG: 2-arachidonoyglycerol.