Table 7.

Peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid endocannabinoids in mood disorders.

Condition & treatment	n (cases/controls)	Sample	AEA	PEA	OEA	2-AG	Reference
Untreated
Major depressive episode	15/15	serum	↓	n.s.	n.s.	↓	Hill et al., 2009
Major depressive episode	16/16	serum	n.s.	-	-	↓	Hill et al., 2008
Minor depressive episode	12/11	serum	↑	-	-	n.s.	Hill et al., 2008
Mixed (treated & untreated)
Major depressive disorder	69/47	plasma	↑	-	↑	↑	Romero-Sanchiz et al., 2019
Treated
Major depressive disorder & bipolar disorder	22/84	CSF	n.s.	n.s.	n.s.	-	Giuffrida et al., 2004
Treatment status not known
Bipolar affective disorder	7/16	plasma	↑	↑	n.s.	n.s.	Koethe et al., 2019
At risk
Unaffected twin of bipolar affective disorder	7/16	plasma	↑	↑	n.s.	n.s.	Koethe et al., 2019

↑: higher; ↓: lower; n.s.: no significant difference from controls; -: no available data;

CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; AEA: anandamide; PEA: N-palmitoylethanolamide; OEA: N-oleoylethanolamide; 2-AG: 2-arachidonoyglycerol.