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(a) Synthesis time-, (b) synthesis temperature-, and (c) seed layer-dependent minimum, maximum, and average efficiencies of the ZnO-based DSSCs. Comparison of the number of data points (bubble size) and average efficiencies of ZnO-based DSSCs at different years based on the (d) synthesis time, (e) synthesis temperature, and (f) seed layer. The number of experimental observations is shown at the center of each bubble.
