Table 2.
CMR characteristics of the study population
| i | AF patients (n = 94) | Healthy Controls (n = 19) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| LA volume | |||
| LA volume—min (ml) | 50 ± 28 | 26 ± 11 | < 0.001 |
| LA volume—max (ml) | 100 ± 32 | 70 ± 15 | < 0.001 |
| LA volume index—max (ml/m2) | 49 ± 15 | 37 ± 8 | < 0.01 |
| LA sphericity (%)* | 79.5 ± 3.0 | ||
| LA function volumetric | |||
| Total LAEF (%) | 52 ± 13 | 64 ± 8 | < 0.001 |
| Passive LAEF (%) | 27 ± 10 | 33 ± 8 | < 0.01 |
| Active LAEF (%) | 25 ± 9 | 30 ± 7 | 0.03 |
| LA strain | |||
| LA reservoir strain (%) | − 15.9 ± 3.8 | − 21.1 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
| LA conduit strain (%) | − 8.7 ± 2.7 | − 12.6 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |
| LA contractile strain (%) | − 7.2 ± 2.3 | − 8.6 ± 2.2 | 0.02 |
| LA peak positive strain rate | 0.72 ± 0.24 | 0.87 ± 0.16 | < 0.01 |
| LA peak early negative strain rate | − 0.82 ± 0.33 | − 1.22 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 |
| LA peak late negative strain rate | − 0.83 ± 0.30 | − 0.97 ± 0.26 | 0.5 |
| LA reservoir strain time (ms) | 392 ± 45 | 383 ± 35 | 0.39 |
| LA conduit strain time (ms) | 430 ± 131 | 354 ± 101 | 0.02 |
| LA contractile strain time (ms) | 137 ± 41 | 123 ± 25 | 0.15 |
| LA LGE (n = 82) (%)* | 26.56 ± 16.0 | ||
| LV parameters | |||
| LV ESV (ml) | 69 ± 22 | 55 ± 12 | < 0.01 |
| LV EDV (ml) | 168 ± 42 | 146 ± 27 | 0.03 |
| LVEF (%) | 59 ± 7 | 62 ± 5 | 0.08 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD. AF atrial fibrillation, bpm beats per minute, CMR cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, EDV end diastolic volume, EF ejection fraction, ESV end systolic volume, LA left atrial; LAEF left atrial emptying fraction, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, LV left ventricular, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction. Bold values denote statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level
*Not obtained in healthy volunteers due to the contrast agent dependency of the acquisition