Table 1.
Dietary fiber role in the recovery of impaired barrier function.
| Dietary fiber | Sample | Effect/Implicated mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| In vitro | |||
| β-galactomannan Mannanoligosaccharide Monosaccharide D-Mannose |
Salmonella enterica-infected intestinal porcine cells IPI-2I (ECACC 93100622) | •Reduction secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine Salmonella-induced | (14) |
| β-galactomannan | S. enterica-infected Caco-2 cells | •Prevention epithelial barrier function induced disruption induced by the pathogen | (15) |
| In vivo | |||
| 5% Plantago ovata seeds | HLA-B27 transgenic rats | •Ameliorate development of colonic inflammation and pro-inflammatory mediators •Improve the intestinal cytoarchitecture •Increase butyrate/propionate in intestinal content |
(16) |
| High-amylose corn starch | TNBS-induced colitis male Wistar rats | •Protection against colonic injuries. •Improvement in the SCFA production. •Reduced colonic permeability. |
(17) |
| Dietary pectin | IBD IL10−/+ mice | •Reduced inflammatory response in colon •Modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Ig. |
(18) |
| Soluble fiber and corn starch | IBD IL10−/+ mice | •Amelioration of clinical disease and inflammatory ileal and colonic lesions development. •Suppression of gut inflammation by Treg cells, IFN-γ, and colonic PPARγ expression |
(19) |
| Dietary cellulose | DSS-induced colitis neonatal C57BL/6J male mice | •Induction of colonic microbiome shifts. •Improvement of intestinal inflammation. |
(20) |
| Psyllium fiber | DSS-induced colitis ICR and BALB/c mice | •Amelioration or resolution of the colonic damage and inflammation. | (21) |
| GG and PHGG | Chronic kidney disease male induced ICR mice | •Restoration of colonic barrier. •Up-regulation of TJ. •Increase beneficial microflora composition. |
(22) |
| Plantago ovata | Broiler chickens | •Increase body weight and small intestine length. •Reduction amount of E. coli. |
(23) |
| Grape peel powder | Acute TNBS-induced colitis adult male Wistar | •Reduction of colitis. •Reestablishment intestinal barrier function. |
(24) |
| Lemon peel powder | DSS-induced colitis male BALB/c mice | •Reduction of the intestinal damage. •Protection of TJ barriers. •Suppression inflammatory reaction. |
(25) |
| GOS | Barrier damage LPS-induced mice | •Attenuation of the intestinal barrier damage. •Reduction of inflammatory responses in the jejunum and ileum. •Up-regulation of intestinal TJ. •Down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
(26) |
| Psyllium husk | Chronic large-bowel diarrhea induced dogs | •Decrease defecation frequency. •Improvement stool consistency. •Weight gain promotion. |
(27) |
| AOS | Weaned pigs | •Increase TJ expression, cecal and colonic p-AMPKα, bacteria from Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phylum and fecal SCFA. •Decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB |
(28) |
| Sulfated polysaccharide | BALB/c mice DSS-induced colitis |
•Inhibit colon shortening and oedema forming •Down-regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β •Up-regulation of CLDN-1, ZO-1, MUC-2 and SCFA receptors |
(29) |
| Clinical trials | |||
| Plantago ovata seeds | IBD patients (12 m) | •Safe and effective. •Maintenance UC remission. |
(30) |
| FOS | Active CD patients (3w) | •Increase bifidobacteria. •Enhancement of DC IL-10 production. •Increase TLR expression in lamina propria. |
(31) |
| FOS | Active CD patients (4w) | •Not show clinical benefit. •No significant differences in fecal concentration of bifidobacteria and F. Prausnitzii. |
(32) |
| Wheat bran | CD patients (4w) | •Consumption was feasible. | (33) |
| •No adverse effects. •Improvement health-related QoL and GI function. |
|||
| Low-FODMAP | IBS-patients (3w) | •Reduction GI symptoms. | (34) |
| Non-digestible polysaccharides | Elderly population with GI symptoms (biopsies, ex vivo) | •Reduction colonic hyperpermeability. | (35) |
| Controlled-fiber diet | NAFLD patients (6 m) | •Reduction serum biomarker of permeability. •Positive influence in NAFLD-associated parameters. |
(36) |
| Low-FODMAP diet Traditional dietary advice |
IBS-D patients (4w) | •Low-FODMAP improved symptoms and QoL. | (37) |
AOS, Alginate oligosaccharide; CD, Celiac disease; DC, Dendritic cell; DSS, Dextran Sulfate Sodium; FODMAP, Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols; FOS, Fructooligosaccharides; GG, Guar gum; GI, Gastrointestinal; GOS, Galactooligosaccharides; IBS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome; IBS-D, Diarrhea predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome; IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease; IFN-γ, Interferon gamma; Ig, Immunoglobulin; IL, interleukin; m, Months; NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PHGG, Partially hydrolyzed GG; PPARγ, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; QoL, Quality of life; SCFA, Short-chain fatty acids; TEER, Transepithelial electrical resistance; TJ, Tight junction; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNBF, Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; Treg, Regulatory T lymphocyte; UC, Ulcerative Colitis; w, Weeks.