Table 1.
Sample characteristics including sociodemographic data, screen exposure and assessment of child development by the ASQ-BR; Ceará, Brazil (n = 3155)
| Sample characteristics | Mean ± SD | N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal and household characteristics | ||
| Age (years) (min-max) | 28.2 ± 7.1 (10–49) | |
| Education (years of schooling) | 4.5 ± 2.8 | |
| Having a husband or partner | 2233 (72.6) | |
| Maternal unemployment | 2219 (78.7) | |
| Monthly household income (Brazilian Reais)a | 1087.7 ± 1004.7 | |
| Participation in conditional cash transfer programb | 1709 (54.2) | |
| Child Characteristics | ||
| Male gender | 1582 (50.1) | |
| Age in months | 27.1 ± 17.4 | |
| Screen time (hours per day) | ||
| Television | 1.5 ± 1.7 | |
| Touch devices | 0.6 ± 1.2 | |
| Video game | 0.3 ± 0.9 | |
| Total screen time exposure | 2.6 ± 0.6 | |
| Excessive screen exposure by age group | ||
| 0–12 months | 327 (41.7) | |
| 13–24 months | 525 (73.6) | |
| 25–36 months | 441 (68.3) | |
| 37–48 months | 381 (76.8) | |
| 49–60 months | 431 (85.2) | |
| Total sample | 2454 (69.0) | |
| ASQ-BR age-standardized scores by domain | ||
| Communication | 52.2 ± 11.5 | |
| Gross motor | 55.4 ± 9.3 | |
| Fine motor | 49.7 ± 13.7 | |
| Problem solving | 50.7 ± 12.5 | |
| Personal-Social | 50.1 ± 11.7 | |
Note: ASQ-3 = Ages and Stages Questionnaire version 3
aUS$ 1.00 = 3.17 Brazilian Reais at the time of assessment; b Receiving conditional cash transfer is a marker for low socioeconomic status