| CAF | Cancer-associate fibroblast |
| CCND1 | Cyclin D1 |
| CDKN2A | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A |
| CXCL1 | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 |
| DFS | Disease-free survival |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| EGF | Epidermal growth factor |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| EMA | European medicines agency |
| EMT-TF | EMT transcription factor |
| EMT | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| EpCAM | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule |
| EPIC | Estimating the proportion of immune and cancer cells |
| EZH2 | Enhancer of zeste 2 |
| FDA | Food and drug administration |
| FHCC | Fred Hutchinson cancer center |
| GLI1 | Glioma-associated oncogene 1 |
| GSEA | Gene set enrichment analysis |
| HIF1α | Hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha |
| HNSCC | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
| HPV | Human papillomavirus |
| IL | Interleukin |
| ITH | Intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity |
| Malat1 | Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 |
| MATH | Mutant allele tumor heterogeneity |
| MDACC | MD Anderson cancer center |
| miRNA | MicroRNA |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| MRD | Minimal residual disease |
| MTD | Maximal tolerable dose |
| MYC | Myc oncogene (Myelocytomatosis oncogene homolog) |
| NPC | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| OS | Overall survival |
| OSCC | Oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| P53 | Tumor protein P53 |
| PD-L1 | Programmed death ligand 1 |
| PD1 | Programmed cell death protein 1 |
| pEMT | Partial EMT |
| PI3KCA | Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha |
| PRRX1 | Paired-related homeobox 1 |
| R(C)T | Radio(chemo)therapy |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| SCC | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| scRNAseq | Single cell RNA sequencing |
| SMAD | Sma and Mad protein homologs |
| TCGA | The cancer genome atlas |
| TGFβ | Transforming growth factor beta |
| TGFβR | Transforming growth factor beta receptor |
| WNT | Wingless integrated |
| ZEB | Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox protein |