Figure 1.

(a) Pathway for preparation of the nanoparticles; (b) schematic illustration of the Warburg effect, and (c) the strategies for electrical charge- and biomarker-mediated cancer targeting (passive and active targeting) via nanoparticles.

(a) Pathway for preparation of the nanoparticles; (b) schematic illustration of the Warburg effect, and (c) the strategies for electrical charge- and biomarker-mediated cancer targeting (passive and active targeting) via nanoparticles.